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Chilblains

Jan 18, 2026 Posted by admin Dermatology, podiatrist, Rheumatologist 0 comments

Overview

Chilblains, also known as perniosis is a condition commonly affects your feet or hands, basically  refers  to inflammation of the blood capillaries in your skin resulting from cold exposure.  These occur when you are exposed to cold temperatures for a considerable time. Also termed as chill burns and pernio, chilblains can cause swelling of the affected area, the formation of red patches and blisters, and itchiness. Chilblains can be prevented by limiting your time in the cold, dressing warmly and covering exposed skin. If you do get chilblains, keeping the skin warm and dry can help ease the symptoms. usually clears up in 2 or 3 weeks, especially if the weather gets warmer. You may get the symptoms each cold season for years. Babies can get chilblains as well if they’re not wearing proper clothing in damp or cold weather. Usually, chilblains don’t lead to long-term health problems or complications. It’s important to keep any affected skin areas clean so you don’t get an infection.

Causes  of chilblains or pernio?

Researchers don’t know exactly why this reaction happens. Some experts believe pernio develops because of:

Symptoms

Symptoms of chilblains include:

  • Small, itchy areas on your skin, often on your feet or hands.
  • Sores or blistering.
  • Swelling.
  • Pain or stinging.
  • Changes in skin color.

The following factors increase the risk of chilblains:

  • Wearing clothing and shoes that are tight or expose skin to the cold. Wearing tightfitting clothing and shoes in cold, damp weather may make you more susceptible to chilblains.
  • Being a young woman. This condition is most common in females between the ages of 15 and 30.
  • Being underweight. This condition is most common in people with a low body mass.
  • Living in cold, humid areas. Your risk of chilblains is higher if you live in an area with high humidity and cold but not freezing temperatures.

Diagnosis and Tests

To diagnose chilblains, your health care provider will look at the affected skin and talk with you about your symptoms and any recent cold exposure. Tell your health care provider if you’re not sure whether you were in below-freezing temperatures. If you were, you might have frostbite.

To rule out other conditions, you may need blood tests. Or your health care provider may take a small sample of the affected skin to have it examined under a microscope in a laboratory. This test is called a skin biopsy.

Treatment

Chilblains can be treated at home with self-care, including keeping your hands and feet warm and dry. If your chilblains symptoms don’t clear up with self-care, your health care provider may suggest medicine, including:

  • A topical corticosteroid. If your chilblains symptoms include sores, applying a corticosteroid such as triamcinolone 0.1% cream might help clear them up.
  • Blood pressure medicine. For symptoms that don’t respond to other treatment, your health care provider might prescribe a blood pressure medicine such as nifedipine (Procardia). It’s a type of calcium channel blocker that treats chilblains by improving blood flow.

Outlook / Prognosis

Chilblains usually go away within one to three weeks. If you’re at high risk, chilblains may return every year when the weather changes. If chilblains keep coming back, your healthcare provider may give you a medication to prevent chilblains from developing as frequently.

Above article is for information purpose only, if you have any enquiries related to this you can connect us via email query@gtsmeditour.com or whatsapp your requirement on +91 9164822440 we shall assist you in best possible way.

 

 

Vesicovaginal fistula repair

Jan 11, 2026 Posted by admin Gynaecology 0 comments

Overview

Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is an abnormal opening between the bladder and the vagina that results in continuous and unremitting urinary incontinence. The entity is one among the most distressing complications of gynecologic and obstetric procedures. VVFs can be classified in various ways. Simple fistulas are usually small in size (≤0.5cm) and are present as single non-radiated fistulas. Complex fistulas include previously failed fistula repairs or large-sized (≥2.5 cm) fistulas, more often a result of chronic diseases or radiotherapy. Although the incidence of VVFs has become rare in the industrialized world, they still commonly occur in developing countries. The good news is that VVFs are treatable, often with surgery or often through a minimally invasive route, offering significant relief from symptoms like constant leakage. 

Symptoms

Vesicovaginal fistula symptoms can include:

Your symptoms may vary based on how large the opening is and other factors. Tell a healthcare provider as soon as possible if you have these symptoms.

Causes

In general, a vesicovaginal fistula forms when there’s damage to tissue between your vagina and bladder that results in the death of that tissue. This forms a hole, or a fistula.

pelvic surgery that results in accidental tissue damage. Examples include bladder surgery and hysterectomy.

In many parts of the world with fewer resources, a long, difficult labor (obstructed childbirth) is the most common cause.

Less commonly, bladder cancer or cervical cancer, or treatment like radiation, can lead to a VVF.

Diagnosis and Tests

To start, a healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms and medical history. They’ll likely do a physical exam and pelvic exam. Your provider will also check that the leak isn’t coming from a ureter (the tube from your kidney to your bladder). Ureter leaks need a different plan.

Your provider will then recommend specific tests to diagnose a vesicovaginal fistula. These tests can also help your provider plan for surgery. Tests may include:

  • Dye test: Your provider may fill your bladder with blue fluid. They might also give you medicine that turns your pee orange. You’ll insert a tampon into your vagina. A tampon that turns blue suggests a bladder-to-vagina fistula. Orange without blue suggests a ureter-to-vagina fistula.
  • Cystoscopy: A urologist uses a lighted device to look inside your bladder.
  • CT urogram: This imaging test uses a contrast dye to take detailed images of your bladder and the rest of your urinary system.
  • Other tests: Sometimes, a pelvic MRI or a speculum exam under anesthesia helps map the fistula

Management and Treatment

A few small, very new fistulas may close with continuous bladder drainage (a Foley catheter) for several weeks. But most need surgery. The main treatment for a vesicovaginal fistula is surgery to close the opening.

Your surgeon may operate through your vagina or abdomen (sometimes, with laparoscopy or a robot). Together, you’ll decide on the type of surgery that’s best for you.

After surgery, you’ll need a Foley catheter for two to three weeks to drain your pee. Your healthcare provider will want to make sure the fistula has healed before removing the catheter.

Recovery time

It can take six to eight weeks to recover from vesicovaginal fistula surgery. Your healthcare provider will give you specific instructions for recovery. In general, they may recommend you avoid the following for six to eight weeks:

  • Sexual intercourse
  • Strenuous activity
  • Heavy lifting

Avoiding these activities gives the fistula time to heal.

Takeaway

Maybe you’ve never heard of a fistula before. But ever since you got a vesicovaginal fistula diagnosis (VVF), it’s all you can think about. VVFs can disrupt your daily routine and even your sense of self. Thankfully, treatment can help you regain control over the parts of your body that seem to have a mind of their own. Still, recovery may take time. Lean on your healthcare provider for guidance and support.

If you have a condition that’s affecting your urinary system, you want expert advice. At Global Treatment services we ll work to create a treatment plan that is right for you, kindly contact us via email query@gtsmeditour.com or whatsapp on +91 9164822440 for the best available service /treatment option .

 

Pectus Excavatum

Dec 25, 2025 Posted by admin Cardiology, Cosmetic Surgeries 0 comments

Overview

Pectus excavatum (or funnel chest) is a common chest wall deformity where the breastbone (sternum) and ribs grow inward, creating a sunken or caved-in appearance, often noticeable at birth or during teenage growth spurts. While mild cases are cosmetic, severe cases can cause shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue, and reduced exercise tolerance by affecting heart and lung function, leading to treatments like physical therapy, vacuum devices, or surgery (Nuss or Ravitch procedures) to correct the shape.

Causes

  • Congenital: Present at birth, often due to excess growth of connective tissue joining ribs to the sternum, causing it to push inward. 
  • Growth Spurt: Can become more noticeable during teenage growth spurts.
  • Genetics: May have a genetic link and can run in families.

Symptoms 

  • Physical: 
    A noticeable dip in the chest; can be accompanied by rounded shoulders, flared lower ribs, and poor posture. 
  • Functional: 
    In severe cases, it can compress the heart and lungs, leading to exercise intolerance, chest pain, fatigue, or breathing issues. 
  • Psychological: 
    Can cause significant self-consciousness, leading individuals to avoid activities like swimming.

    Diagnosis

  • Visual examination of the chest.
  • Tests like X-rays or CT scans to assess heart and lung impact. 

 

Treatment Options

  • Observation: Mild cases with no symptoms may need no treatment. 
  • Surgical (for severe cases or significant impact):
  • Nuss Procedure: Minimally invasive, involves placing curved metal bars under the sternum to push it forward, removed later. 
  • Ravitch Procedure: Open surgery to reshape the sternum and cartilage, sometimes with a bar placement. 

 

This  article is for information purpose only, if you wish to take second opinion with us – kindly share the reports on email – query@gtsmeditour.com or you can what’sapp us on +91 9164822440 . we shall be assisting you through out your medical treatment journey abroad.

 

Male Infertility

Dec 17, 2025 Posted by admin Andrology, Infertility 0 comments

Overview

Male infertility is basically a  condition that affects men, an inability to cause pregnancy in a fertile female. Male infertility is a growing concern in India, linked to lifestyle factors like pollution, stress, poor diet, smoking, and alcohol, contributing to 40-50% of couples’ inability to conceive, with sperm issues (count, motility, quality) being primary. Despite the high prevalence of male infertility in India, there is still a lack of awareness about the condition and its causes. This lack of awareness often leads to feelings of shame and stigma among those affected by it. Additionally, there is a lack of access to quality healthcare in many parts of the country, which makes it difficult for couples struggling with infertility to get the help they need. male infertility contributes to 40-50% of all cases. The high prevalence of male infertility in India is likely due to a combination of factors, including the country’s large population, poor awareness about fertility and reproductive health, and limited access to quality healthcare. however treatments like ICSI, sperm freezing, and surgical retrieval offer hope, alongside growing awareness to overcome societal stigma. 

 

CAUSES

Sometimes a man is born with the problems that affect his sperm. Other times problems start later in life due to illness or injury. Infertility in men is most often caused by

  • Sperm Count – problems making sperm i.e. producing too few sperm or none at all
  • Sperm Motility – problems with the sperm’s ability to reach the egg and fertilize it i.e. abnormal sperm shape or structure prevent it from moving correctly.
  • Blockages – Blocks in the ducts that carry sperm (vas deferens) can be due to vasectomy or injury or can also be congenital.
  • Hormonal Problems – Disorders of the testicles or abnormalities affecting other hormonal systems like the pituitary, hypothalamus, thyroid, and adrenal glands
  • Genetic Disorders – Such as cystic fibrosis.
  • Lifestyle & Environmental Factors – Alcohol, drugs, environmental toxins, smoking, radiation treatment and chemotherapy for cancer and age related issues.
  • Miscellaneous Factors – Varicocele, Infections like Gonorrhoea, Syphilis, Chlamydia or Mumps

 

Diagnosis

  • Semen Analysis: The first step, checking sperm count, motility (movement), and morphology (shape).
  • Advanced Tests: Sperm DNA fragmentation tests help identify DNA damage.

TREATMENT

The good news is that over 50% of men will have a treatable cause of male factor infertility. These factors include varicoceles, infections, hormonal abnormalities, abnormalities in the seminal fluid, ductal blockages, and difficulties with erections and ejaculation. When these conditions are treated, either through medication or surgery a man will often see a significant improvement in his semen analysis. Men with idiopathic or unexplained infertility can make lifestyle changes that may result in improvement in his semen analysis.

LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS

  • Quit Smoking
  • Stop Taking Recreational Drugs
  • Anabolic Steroids (male hormones) use has reached almost epidemic proportions. 6.6% of 12th grade males use or have used them to build muscle mass and improve athletic performance. These male hormones suppress the testes ability to make testosterone. This decreases the intratesticular testosterone level. Anabolic steroids also depress testicular production of testosterone and, thus, levels of testosterone inside the testes itself. This may cause severely diminished spermatogenesis or complete absence of sperm (azoospermia). When taken, these steroids cause a persistent depression of the hypothalamus and pituitary that may be irreversible, even when the steroids are stopped.
  • Reduce Alcohol
  • Avoid Lubricants

Most vaginal lubricants, including K-Y Jelly, Surgilube, and Lubifax are toxic to sperm. Couples should avoid their use during the fertile time of a woman’s cycle.

  • Exercise
  • Avoid High Temperatures
  • Take Vitamins (Antioxidants)

ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY (ART)

Men with poor semen analyses whose conditions are not treatable or unexplained may still have the option of using advanced reproductive techniques to achieve a pregnancy. Even those men with no sperm in the ejaculate are able to have some living sperm procured from them through surgical methods and achieve a pregnancy using the conventional technique of ICSI or the more advanced IMSI in which the digitally enhanced, magnified images of the sperm allow the embryologist to detect any structural alterations and abnormality that are otherwise hard to locate with conventional methods. Surgical sperm retrieval techniques like TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration), PESA (Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration) & Micro TESE (Microdissection Testicular Sperm Extraction) ensure that even men who have no sperms in the ejaculate can opt for ART.

 

This is a brief overview of male infertility, only for informational purpose. If you have any further queries, please reach us at query@gtsmeditour.com or you can whatsapp your query related to multispeciality approach on +91 9164822440  we would be happy to assist in getting you a complimentary second opinion and best treatment option available with quality care approach.

 

 

 

Melasma

Dec 15, 2025 Posted by admin Dermatology 0 comments

Meaning

Melasma is a form of hyperpigmentation it’s not itchy or painful but can affect confidence, happens because of overproduction of the melanin triggered by sun exposure, during pregnancy, hormonal changes, genetics some medications and stress.It is common, harmless and some treatments may help. Melasma usually fades after a few months. Sometimes called the “mask of pregnancy” due to its link with hormonal shifts. 

 Some Common Triggers & Causes

  • Sunlight: UV radiation stimulates melanin production, making sun exposure a major factor. 
  • Hormones: Pregnancy, oral contraceptives, and hormonal therapies are significant triggers. 
  • Genetics: A hereditary tendency to develop melasma exists. 
  • Visible Light: Light from screens and devices can also worsen it. 

      Types of melasma

    There are three types of melasma and they have to do with the depth of the pigment. A Wood’s lamp that emits black light may be used to determine the depth of the pigment. The three types are:

    1. Epidermal: Epidermal melasma has a dark brown color, a well-defined border, appears obvious under black light and sometimes responds well to treatment.
    2. Dermal: Dermal melasma has a light brown or bluish color, a blurry border, appears no differently under black light and doesn’t respond well to treatment.
    3. Mixed melasma: Mixed melasma, which is the most common of the three, has both bluish and brown patches, shows a mixed pattern under black light and shows some response to treatment.

    Treatment & Management

     Melasma can be stubborn and difficult to treat effectively. A dermatologist can help determine the best course of action.

    Sun Protection: 
    Essential, including broad-spectrum SPF 50+, hats, and avoiding midday sun. 
    Topical Treatments: Can involve prescription creams, chemical peels, or laser therapy, often needing long-term maintenance.  Medicated creams, such as hydroquinone, tretinoin, and azelaic acid, are common treatments that help lighten the dark patches by reducing melanin production.
    Procedures: For persistent cases, in-office procedures like chemical peels, microdermabrasion, or certain laser therapies may be recommended, though these should only be performed by a board-certified dermatologist due to potential risks, especially in darker skin tones.
    In many cases, especially when triggered by pregnancy or medication, melasma may fade on its own after the trigger is removed. However, without strict sun avoidance, it can easily return.
    This article is for informational purposes only. For medical advice or diagnosis, consult a professional or connect us at query@gtsmeditour.com or whatsapp on +91 9164822440  for free second opinion and best treatment options .
    Thank you..!

Viral Fever / Infection

Sep 12, 2025 Posted by admin General Health 0 comments

Overview

Viral fever is not a disease but a symptom of viral infections. It occurs when the body detects the presence of a virus and triggers an immune response by raising the body temperature. This elevated temperature creates an unfavourable environment for the virus, helping the immune system fight off the infection.

Viral fever can manifest differently depending on the type of virus and the systems it affects. For instance:

  • Respiratory viruses may cause symptoms such as sore throat, cough, and congestion.
  • Mosquito-borne viruses like dengue or Zika often present with fever, rash, and joint pain.
  • Gastrointestinal viruses like rotavirus may lead to fever accompanied by diarrhoea and vomiting.

All of us will get viral infections at some point. But you’re at increased risk of serious illness from certain types of viruses if you:

  • Are under 5 or over 65.
  • Have certain health conditions, like diabetes, asthma, COPD or other chronic lung disease.
  • Have a weakened immune system (from HIV/AIDS, cancer or immunosuppressive medications).
  • Are pregnant.

While most viral fevers resolve within a few days, some may last longer or lead to complications, underscoring the importance of understanding and managing this condition.

Symptoms

Symptoms of a viral infection depend on where you’re infected, but some common ones include:

  • Flu-like symptoms: fever, head and body aches, fatigue.
  • Upper respiratory symptoms: sore throat, cough, sneezing.
  • Digestive symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.
  • Skin conditions: rashes, sores, blisters, warts.

Causes

Viral fever is caused by various types of viruses that invade the body and trigger an immune response. Here’s a detailed breakdown of the common causes:

  1. Respiratory Viruses:
    • Influenza Virus: Causes seasonal flu with fever, cough, and body aches.
    • Rhinovirus: Common cause of the common cold, often accompanied by mild fever.
    • Coronavirus: Includes strains like SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), which may lead to severe symptoms.
  2. Mosquito-Borne Viruses:
    • Dengue Virus: Transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, causing high fever, rash, and joint pain.
    • Zika Virus: Known for fever and its association with birth defects in pregnant women.
    • Chikungunya Virus: Characterized by fever and severe joint pain.
  3. Gastrointestinal Viruses:
    • Rotavirus: Common in children, causing diarrhea and fever.
    • Norovirus: Highly contagious, leading to stomach pain, vomiting, and fever.
  4. Exanthematic Viruses (causing skin rashes):
    • Measles Virus: High fever with characteristic red rashes.
    • Rubella Virus: Milder fever with a pink rash.
  5. Bloodborne Viruses:
    • Hepatitis Viruses: Hepatitis A, B, and C can cause fever along with liver inflammation.
    • HIV: Fever is often one of the early manifestations of HIV infection.
  6. Modes of Transmission:
    • Airborne Transmission: Spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
    • Direct Contact: Transmission through touching contaminated surfaces or close contact with an infected individual.
    • Vector Transmission: Carried by vectors like mosquitoes or ticks.

Diagnosis

Types of samples they might take include:

  • Blood.
  • Spit (saliva).
  • Phlegm or mucus (sputum).
  • Cells from your nose or nasopharynx (nasal/nasopharyngeal swab).
  • Skin or other affected tissue.
  • Fluid around your brain and spinal cord (CNS fluid).
  • Pee (urine).
  • Poop (stool).
  • Cells from your cervix (Pap smear). Pap smears can find HPV, a virus that can cause cancer. The kind of HPV that can lead to cancer doesn’t usually have symptoms.

Duration of Viral Fever

The duration of viral fever depends on the virus and the individual’s immune response:

  1. Mild Cases
    • Typically last 3–5 days.
    • Symptoms like fatigue and mild fever resolve quickly with rest and hydration.
  2. Moderate Cases
    • Can persist for 7–10 days.
    • Common in infections like influenza or dengue, where body aches and fever may linger.
  3. Severe Cases
    • Duration may exceed two weeks.
    • Severe viral infections like COVID-19 or hemorrhagic fevers may require prolonged care.

Post-viral fatigue, where individuals feel weak and tired for weeks after the fever resolves, is also common and typically improves with adequate rest and nutrition.

Management and Treatment

Medications a healthcare provider might prescribe to treat viral infections include antiviral medications, convalescent plasma and post-exposure prophylaxis.

Specific medications are only available for a few viral infections. For viruses that can cause life-threatening or chronic illness, a provider may prescribe antiviral medications or treatment that prevents you from getting sick after being exposed to a virus.

For infections that rarely cause serious illness, like the common cold, you can usually treat the symptoms at home while you wait for them to go away on their own.

Conclusion

Viral fever is a common condition that requires careful management. By understanding its symptoms, causes, and treatments, you can recover faster and prevent complications. While most viral fevers resolve on their own, severe cases require medical intervention. Practicing good hygiene, staying hydrated, and seeking timely medical care are key to managing viral fever effectively.

Please feel free to contact us for further medical management  abroad via email query@gtsmeditour.com

Niemann-Pick disease type C

Aug 30, 2025 Posted by admin Gastroenterology, Neurology, Psychiatry, Pulmonology, Therapists 0 comments

Overview

Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a slowly progressive lysosomal disorder whose principal manifestations are age dependent. The manifestations in the perinatal period and infancy are predominantly visceral, with hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, and (in some instances) pulmonary infiltrates. Symptoms are progressive and vary by age, but typically include visceral issues like liver and spleen enlargement in early life, followed by neurological and psychiatric symptoms such as difficulty with coordination, speaking, swallowing, learning, and seizures. Treatment focuses on supportive care and managing symptoms, as there is no cure.

Cause

  • NPC is caused by mutations in the NPC1 or NPC2 genes, which are responsible for producing proteins that help transport cholesterol within cells. 
  • The resulting inability to move and use cholesterol and other lipids leads to their excessive buildup, particularly in the lysosomes and late endosomes of cells. 

Symptoms

Symptoms are progressive and can vary widely depending on the patient’s age at onset.

Early-onset

  • Primarily visceral symptoms, including: 

  • Jaundice 
  • Enlargement of the liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly) 
  • In some cases, pulmonary infiltrates 

Late-onset 

Predominantly neurological and psychiatric symptoms, such as: 

  • Neurological: Clumsiness, difficulty with coordination, loss of balance, slurred speech (dysarthria), trouble swallowing (dysphagia), progressive dementia, seizures, and vertical supranuclear gaze palsy (difficulty moving the eyes up and down). 
  • Psychiatric: Behavioral problems, depression, and even psychosis. 

Diagnosis 

  • Diagnosis is made through gene sequencing or genetic testing to identify mutations in the NPC1 or NPC2 genes.
  • It may also be confirmed by metabolic studies or other tests that reveal the characteristic lipid storage in cells.

Management

  • No Cure: There is no cure for NPC, and treatments are limited to supportive care. 
  • Symptomatic Treatment: Medications can be used to manage specific symptoms, such as neurological or behavioral issues. 
  • Multidisciplinary Care: Management involves a team of specialists who provide supportive therapies, including occupational therapy, to improve posture, movement, and speech. NPC is a relentless, progressive disease that ultimately leads to death. 
  • The lifespan of affected individuals varies greatly, from a few days in some cases to over 60 years, although most patients die between the ages of 10 and 25

To conclude if you come across anyone battling with disease untreatable in your country can share the latest medical reports via email query@gtsmeditour.com and get the best assistance.

Team,

GTS

Myokymia/ Eye twitching

Aug 30, 2025 Posted by admin General Health, Ophthalmology, Uncategorized 0 comments

Overview

Eyelid myokymia makes your eyelids twitch or involuntary muscle movement can be seen on skin and if you don’t know why, it’s natural to feel confused or concerned. This condition is extremely common, especially under certain circumstances. But fortunately, it’s also usually nothing to worry about. And even when it’s due to more serious conditions, the twitching is usually very treatable. It is often triggered by stress, fatigue, poor nutrition, or excessive caffeine intake. While typically self-limiting, lasting a few days or weeks, persistent or severe cases may warrant medical attention.Myokymia is usually a minor, temporary concern. Most cases go away within days or weeks without any treatment. But sometimes, eyelid myokymia becomes more than just an annoyance and starts interfering with your work or other parts of your daily routine. Treatment may also be an option if you have myokymia that happens consistently for at least three months.

Symptoms

The main symptom of eyelid myokymia is a twitching you can feel (and you can probably see it if you look in a mirror while it happens). Myokymia twitches usually last only seconds to minutes, but they can last hours for some people. In rare cases, they can become constant.

The twitches are usually:

  • Slow
  • Constant
  • Gentle
  • Rippling (almost like waves on water)

Myokymia usually affects just one eye at a time, but it can affect both. You can have it in your upper or lower eyelids, but lower is more common. In rare cases, it will affect both the upper and lower eyelids of the same eye. Myokymia can sometimes also cause nystagmus (when the eyelid twitching also makes your eyeball move).

Causes

Some of the most common causes of myokymia include:

  • Being tired or sleep-deprived
  • Caffeine intake (especially if you have too much)
  • Nicotine use
  • Dry eyes
  • Severe fatigue or overexerting yourself
  • Stress

Diagnosis

An eye care specialist/Optholmologist or other provider can usually diagnose eyelid myokymia with a simple physical exam and a neurological exam. These exams let your provider watch the twitching happen and diagnose it or rule out other causes based on what they see.

When myokymia is longer-lasting, more disruptive or starts spreading and getting worse, your eye specialist or other provider will likely recommend other tests. These are usually imaging tests like CT scans or MRIs.

Treatment

The most common treatment approaches include:

  • Changing things that could cause or contribute to your myokymia. Some simple examples include limiting how much caffeine you consume, managing your stress or making sure to get enough quality sleep. Limiting alcohol intake and reducing or quitting nicotine (including smoking and vaping, or smokeless forms like chewing tobacco or snuff) may also help. These can also reduce your risk of developing myokymia in the first place.
  • Medication changes. If you’re having myokymia because of a medication, your provider may recommend changing to another.
  • Medication injections. The most common medication treatments for myokymia are neurotoxins like onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox®). They temporarily block nerve signals traveling to your eyelids. The injection points are all around your eye, just underneath your skin, and this doesn’t involve any injections into your eye itself. These medications paralyze the related muscles, keeping the twitching from happening entirely until the effect wears off.

Eyelid myokymia is usually nothing to worry about. For most people, it’s a minor condition and isn’t enough to affect their usual routines and activities. The twitching from myokymia often lasts only a few seconds to minutes, and it’ll probably go away if you resolve the potential causes or contributing factors like lack of sleep or caffeine intake.

But if eyelid myokymia doesn’t go away after a few weeks or it’s disrupting your life, it’s a good idea to talk to an eye care specialist or your primary care provider. They can help figure out what might be causing your myokymia or refer you to a provider who can diagnose and treat it.

If you have any big concerns related to health you can connect us via email : query@gtsmeditour.com.

Tetanus (Lockjaw)

Aug 10, 2025 Posted by admin General 0 comments

Overview

Tetanus is commonly known as lockjaw. Tetanus is an infection caused by bacteria called Clostridium tetani (C. tetani), that are found in the environment. It isn’t the rust on that nail or sharp bit of metal that causes tetanus. That rust just means it could have tetanus-causing bacteria on it. Tetanus is an uncommon but very serious disease of the nervous system causes muscle contractions, particularly of your jaw and neck muscles, that requires immediate treatment in a hospital. Tetanus is preventable, and timely treatment can spare you from this  deadly disease. Immediate and good wound care can help prevent infection. Tetanus vaccination can save your life. People who receive at least three doses of the tetanus vaccine almost always survive this disease. And even partial vaccination can make your case less severe. Tetanus is a risk that you can easily avoid with the right medical care. If you think you might need a tetanus booster shot, talk to your healthcare provider or visit an urgent care clinic. An urgent care facility or your primary care provider’s office can give you the booster at the same time as treating your injury.

Symptoms

Symptoms typically occur between 3 and 21 days (average 8 days) after someone is exposed to C. tetani.

The first sign is most commonly spasms of the jaw muscles, or “lockjaw.”

Other symptoms can include:

  • Trouble swallowing
  • Sudden, involuntary muscle spasms — often in the stomach
  • Painful muscle stiffness all over the body
  • Seizures (jerking or staring)
  • Headache
  • Fever and sweating
  • Changes in blood pressure and heart rate

Causes

Tetanus happens because of a toxin that C. tetani bacteria make. That’s why tetanus doesn’t spread person-to-person.

Tetanus-causing germs can enter a wound in either a spore or bacilli (active bacteria) form. The spore form is harder to kill, and it can survive boiling water. The spores live in soil, especially soil with manure mixed in. It’s easier for this bacteria to get into deeper cuts and punctures. And tetanus with deeper wounds is often more severe.

Some ways you can get this bacteria in a wound include:

  • Broken bones that break through your skin (compound fractures)
  • Burns
  • Crush injuries that break skin
  • Dental infections
  • Insect bites and dog bites that get contaminated
  • Surgical wounds
  • Using contaminated needles or medical instruments
  • Minor injuries that can happen around the house, like cuts and scrapes or stepping on a nail

While wounds are the usual entry point, many people don’t remember getting the wound that caused tetanus for them. Research shows that up to half of all cases don’t have an identifiable wound or infection site that experts can pinpoint.

Tetanus, a serious bacterial infection, has four main clinical types:

  • Generalized Tetanus:

            This is the most common form, characterized by widespread muscle spasms and rigidity, particularly in the jaw         (lockjaw), neck, and back. 

  • Localized Tetanus:
    Muscle spasms are restricted to the area around the site of infection. This form can sometimes progress to generalized tetanus. 
  • Cephalic Tetanus:
    Affects the cranial nerves, leading to facial muscle spasms and weakness, often alongside lockjaw. 
  • Neonatal Tetanus:
    Occurs in newborns, typically within the first 28 days of life, and is characterized by difficulty feeding, excessive crying, and generalized muscle stiffness.

Diagnosis

Healthcare providers usually decide if someone has tetanus by looking for common signs and symptoms. They may also ask about a recent history of cuts, scrapes, punctures, and trauma. No lab or other kinds of tests can confirm tetanus.

Treatment and recovery

Tetanus is a medical emergency requiring:

  • Evaluation and care in the hospital
  • Immediate treatment with TIG
  • Aggressive wound care
  • Drugs to control muscle spasms
  • Antibiotics
  • Tetanus vaccination

Conclusion

Tetanus is a severe, life-threatening condition. But with proper treatment, most people recover. Most people develop symptoms about a week after the bacteria get into their body. But it can happen as quickly as two days or as long as three weeks after.

The muscle spasms from tetanus will start around where they entered your body. You’ll then develop muscle spasms in the muscles around your eyes and trouble opening your jaw. The spasms can be painful and typically spread downward to your neck and back.

Your healthcare team will prioritize keeping your airway open using intubation. Once that’s done, they’ll start treating your other symptoms. That includes making you as comfortable as possible with medications to dampen muscle spasms and manage any pain you have.

Tetanus can vary depending on many factors. Your healthcare provider can tell you more about what you’re likely to experience. They can also guide you on what you can do to help yourself as you recover. But in general, with proper treatment, the odds of survival with tetanus are good.

Further if your nearones or dearones are looking for treatment abroad you can connect via email media@gtsmeditour.com and share all the latest reports of the patient and get a medical opinion for the same at zero cost and treatment plan assistance, accomodation etc.

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Myiasis

Jul 29, 2025 Posted by admin Dermatology 0 comments

Overview

Myiasis is parasitic infestation of the body of a live animal by fly larvae (maggots) that grow inside the host while feeding on its tissue. It is a condition primarily associated with poor hygiene, open wounds, and occurs more frequently in tropical and subtropical regions. Myiasis often occurs when gravid female flies deposit eggs or larvae directly onto wounds or mucous membranes. Factors increasing risk include untreated wounds, poor oral hygiene, alcoholism, dementia, and immunocompromised states. so, If you suspect you have myiasis, it’s crucial to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Myiasis can be classified by the affected body area and the relationship of the larvae to the host:
  • Cutaneous myiasis: involves skin infestation and can be further categorized as furuncular (forming boil-like lesions), wound (infestation of existing wounds), or migratory (larvae moving under the skin). 
  • Cavity myiasis: affects orifices like the mouth, ear, or nose. 
  • Ophthalmic myiasis: affects the eye, causing symptoms like conjunctivitis and lid swelling. 
  • Genital myiasis: is rare but can occur, particularly in individuals with conditions like uterovaginal prolapse. 

Causes

  • Myiasis occurs when flies lay their eggs on or near a person’s wound, sore, or other body openings, such as the nose or ears.
  • Some flies may also lay eggs on clothing that is then worn, transferring the larvae to the skin.
  • Risk factors include poor hygiene, unsanitary living conditions, contact with animals, open wounds, and travel to tropical and subtropical areas where myiasis-causing flies are more prevalent.
  • People with compromised immune systems are also at higher risk. 

Symptoms

Symptoms vary depending on the type and location of the infestation but can include:
  • Pain and discomfort.
  • Itching and irritation.
  • A sensation of movement or crawling under the skin.
  • Visible boil-like lesions or lumps.
  • Openings in the center of the lesions where the larvae breathe.
  • Pus-filled bumps.
  • Swelling and tenderness.
  • In some cases, systemic symptoms like fever, chills, and fatigue may occur. 

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is typically based on:
  • A thorough medical history and physical examination.
  • Visual identification of the larvae.
  • In some cases, blood tests or imaging tests may be used.
  • Immunodiagnostic tests may detect antibodies to specific fly species.

Treatment

Treatment options depend on the type of myiasis and may include:
  • Larvae removal: This is the primary treatment. Methods include:
  • Occlusion: Covering the opening of the lesion with a substance like petroleum jelly to suffocate the larva and encourage it to emerge.
  • Mechanical extraction: Removing the larvae with forceps or by applying pressure.
  • Surgical removal: May be necessary for deeply embedded larvae or if other methods fail.
  • Wound care: Thorough cleaning, antiseptic dressings, and debridement are important.
  • Antibiotics: May be prescribed to treat secondary bacterial infections.
  • Anti-parasitic medications: In some cases, medications like oral or topical ivermectin may be used to kill the larvae and facilitate removal.
  • Intestinal myiasis: May resolve on its own, or anti-parasitic medication may be prescribed.

Prevention

  • Maintain good personal hygiene.
  • Properly care for any open wounds or sores.
  • In areas where myiasis is common, take steps to prevent fly bites, such as wearing protective clothing and using insect repellents containing DEET.
  • Dispose of animal carcasses and refuse properly to deny flies breeding grounds. 

Conclusion

Prevention is better than cure, if you are looking treatment abroad kindly share the medical reports via email query@gtsmeditour.com and get the best medical opinion from our major hospitals empanel with us. we are here available to assist you 24/7 through treatment, accomodation and best cuisine available.

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