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Dyshidrotic eczema

Jul 18, 2025 Posted by admin Dermatology 0 comments

Overview

Dyshidrotic eczema, also called dyshidrosis or pompholyx, is a type of eczema that causes tiny, itchy blisters and dry skin. It usually affects the skin between your fingers, on your palms and on the soles of your feet. The fluid-filled blisters look like small, cloudy beads. They’re about 1 to 2 millimeters wide — the size of a pinhead. Sometimes, they join together to form a larger blister. When the blisters dry out, your skin may turn scaly and crack. While the exact cause isn’t known, dyshidrotic eczema can be triggered by various factors including allergies, temperature changes, stress etc. You can manage mild symptoms at home between visits. This can help calm your skin.In some cases, oral medications like corticosteroids or immunosuppressants may be prescribed. 

Causes

Healthcare providers don’t know exactly what causes dyshidrotic eczema. They believe that both genes and the environment play a role. This condition can run in biological families. So, if your parent or sibling has it, you might get it, too. Certain things in your environment, like allergens or stress, can also trigger symptoms. Dyshidrotic eczema isn’t contagious. You can’t catch it from someone else. And you can’t spread it through physical contact.

Symptoms

Dyshidrotic eczema causes symptoms that come and go. These may last for several weeks at a time. The most common symptoms affect your skin and may include:

  • Small, firm blisters
  • Pain or soreness
  • Itching
  • Peeling or scaling
  • Changes in color
  • Extra sweating
  • Dryness and cracking (after blisters go away)

In severe cases, blisters may get bigger and spread to the backs of your fingers, hands and feet. They won’t spread to other parts of your body.

Diagnosis and Tests

  • Allergy test
  • Biopsy
  • Blood tests

These can also help rule out other conditions that look similar, like:

  • Contact dermatitis
  • Bullous pemphigoid
  • Hand, foot and mouth disease

Treatment

Treatment for dyshidrotic eczema may include:

  • Avoiding triggers: Your provider can help you figure out and avoid things that make your symptoms worse. This may include using unscented soaps, not wearing nickel jewelry and avoiding foods you’re allergic to.
  • Creating a skincare routine: This condition weakens your skin’s protective barrier. Using extra moisturizer keeps your skin hydrated. It prevents cracking and dryness.
  • Trying at-home remedies: You can manage mild symptoms at home between visits. This can help calm your skin.
  • Using medications: Your provider may prescribe creams or lotions to help your skin heal faster.
  • Treating the underlying cause: If your symptoms link to an underlying condition like athlete’s foot or excess sweating, your provider will treat those.

At-home treatments

You can do a few things at home to make your blisters more comfortable, including:

  • Gently washing the affected areas with mild soap
  • Applying an antibacterial cream or ointment
  • Covering the areas with a bandage or gauze
  • Changing your bandages at least once a day

It can be tempting to pop your blisters, but avoid doing this. The skin over your blisters helps protect the deeper layers from infection.

In addition to caring for blisters, you can try these steps to ease symptoms and help your skin heal:

  • Soak your hands and feet in cool water to help you relax.
  • Apply a cool compress for 10 to 15 minutes to lessen itching, then air dry and moisturize right away.
  • Use unscented moisturizers often throughout the day to help with dryness.

Outlook / Prognosis

What can I expect if I have dyshidrotic eczema?

Dyshidrotic eczema symptoms usually flare up and last about three to four weeks before clearing up. This condition affects everyone differently. You might only have symptoms once. Or you might have frequent flare-ups when you contact triggers like allergens, sweat or stress.

If you have repeated flare-ups, the condition may change your skin over time. Your skin could become dry, cracked or thicker. It can even affect your mental health if flare-ups keep happening. Treatment can help you avoid triggers and manage symptoms so they’re less uncomfortable.

Taking good care of your skin is a great first step to help you feel better. Your healthcare provider can work with you to manage this condition and keep your skin as healthy as possible.

Prevention

How can I prevent dishydrotic eczema flare-ups?

To lower your risk of new symptoms or flare-ups:

  • Use warm (not hot) water when washing your hands and wash your skin right after touching an allergen or known trigger
  • Use gloves when washing dishes or handling harsh chemicals
  • Skip new jewelry if you aren’t sure what it’s made of, and you have a metal allergy
  • Dry your hands and feet well after bathing or swimming

finally to conclude if you find any of your loved ones looking for any major treatment abroad you can connect us via Email – query@gtsmeditour.com and share the medical reports in order to assist you getting medical opinion and right treatment plan.

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Hyperhydrosis

Jun 29, 2025 Posted by admin Dermatology 0 comments

Overview

Hyperhidrosis is excessive sweating that’s not always related to heat or exercise. You may sweat so much that it soaks through your clothes or drips off your hands. Heavy sweating can disrupt your day and cause social anxiety and embarrassment. Hyperhidrosis treatment usually helps. It often begins with antiperspirants. If these don’t help, you may need to try different medications and therapies. In severe cases, your health care provider may suggest surgery to remove the sweat glands or to disconnect the nerves related to producing too much sweat.

Causes

Overactive sweat glands cause hyperhidrosis. Your eccrine glands (sweat glands) create sweat to cool down your body when you get hot. This process activates when you exercise or if you’re nervous. If you have hyperhidrosis, your eccrine glands activate and produce sweat more often than when your body is too hot. You may experience sweating at random times of the day when there isn’t something like an activity or emotion causing your glands to produce sweat. Research is ongoing to learn more about why your glands make too much sweat.

Symptoms

The main symptom of hyperhidrosis is sweating. When you sweat, you may feel:

  • Wetness on your skin.
  • Damp clothing.
  • Beads of fluid dripping from your cheeks or forehead.

Over time, hyperhidrosis can lead to the following symptoms:

  • Itching and inflammation when sweat irritates your skin.
  • Body odor, which occurs when bacteria on your skin mixes with sweat particles.
  • Cracked or peeling skin on your feet.

Hyperhidrosis symptoms can range in severity. You may have minor symptoms that come and go or you may have constant symptoms that have an impact on your day-to-day activities.

Diagnosis and Tests

A healthcare provider may use one of the following tests to determine the cause of hyperhidrosis:

  • Starch-iodine test: Your provider applies an iodine solution to the sweaty area and sprinkles starch over the iodine solution. In places where you have excess sweating, the solution turns dark blue.
  • Paper test: Your provider places special paper on the affected area to absorb sweat. Later, your provider weighs the paper to determine how much sweat you have.
  • Blood or imaging tests: These tests can take a sample of your blood or take pictures underneath your skin to help your healthcare provider learn more about what causes your symptoms.

Management and Treatment

Treatment for hyperhidrosis varies based on the part of the body affected, the severity of your diagnosis and what treatment options work for you.

At-home hyperhidrosis treatment

You can manage your symptoms of hyperhidrosis at home by:

  • Using antiperspirants and deodorants. Antiperspirants work by sealing up sweat glands so your body stops producing sweat. A provider may recommend certain over-the-counter (OTC) or prescription-strength varieties. The best deodorant for hyperhidrosis is an aluminum-based product.
  • Showering or bathing more often. Changing your routine, such as showering more often, may improve mild symptoms.
  • Wearing breathable clothing. Choosing clothing that’s breathable and more absorbent, like cotton, can help you feel more comfortable if you sweat. Avoid blended fabrics and polyester, which can trap heat and make you sweat more.

Hyperhidrosis medications

A healthcare provider or dermatologist may recommend taking medications to reduce your symptoms of hyperhidrosis

To conclude, if you are diagnoised with other major disease and looking for treatment in India well, you can send us your queries via email i.e, query@gtsmeditour.com or whatsapp us on +91 9880149003 for free second medical opinion and more .

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Epidermolysis bullosa

Jun 25, 2025 Posted by admin Dermatology 0 comments

Overview

Epidermolysis bullosa (ep-ih-dur-MOL-uh-sis buhl-LOE-sah) is a rare genetic condition that causes fragile, blistering skin. The blisters may appear in response to minor injury, even from heat, rubbing or scratching. In severe cases, the blisters may occur inside the body, such as the lining of the mouth or stomach. Epidermolysis bullosa is inherited, and it usually shows up in infants or young children. Some people don’t develop symptoms until they’re teens or young adults. Epidermolysis bullosa has no cure, but mild forms may improve with age. Treatment focuses on caring for blisters and preventing new ones. In some cases, blisters form inside the body in places such as the mouth, esophagus, other internal organs or eyes. When the blisters heal, they can cause painful scarring. In severe cases, blisters and scars can harm internal organs and tissue enough to be fatal. EB affects everyone. People of all sexes, races and ethnic backgrounds can have EB. However, you’re more likely to have EB if you have a parent with the disorder. Severe cases of EB may cause blisters in your eyes, which can result in vision loss. It may result in severe scarring and deformities of your skin/muscles, making it difficult to move your fingers, hands, feet and joints. Some people with EB are at an increased risk of developing a type of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma. Death can sometimes occur during infancy due to severe infection (sepsis), breathing problems due to blocked airways, dehydration and malnutrition. It depends on what type of EB you have. Mild cases of EB aren’t fatal. People with severe cases of EB have a life expectancy that ranges from infancy to 30 years of age. EB isn’t contagious. It’s usually an inherited disorder.

Causes

A mutation (defect) in one of 18 genes causes EB. People with the disorder have a missing or damaged gene that affects a protein used to make collagen. Collagen gives connective tissues, like skin, their strength and structure. Because of this defect, the epidermis and dermis layers of your skin don’t bind together as they normally would. This results in skin that’s fragile and blisters and tears easily. EB is usually an inherited disorder, which means that one parent may have it and pass it down to their children. In rare cases, EB may also be an acquired autoimmune disorder.

Symptoms

Some symptoms overlap between the types. Symptoms of EB include:

  • Blisters on your skin (hands, feet, elbows and knees) or inside your body.
  • Thickened calluses on the palms of your hands and soles of your feet.
  • Anemia (low levels of red blood cells).
  • Fused (attached) fingers or toes.
  • Deformed and/or thickened fingernails and toenails.
  • Small white bumps on the skin (milia).
  • Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia).
  • Lack of expected growth in an infant.
  • Teeth that don’t develop into an expected size (hypoplasia).

Diagnosis and Tests

Doctors diagnose EB with a test called a skin biopsy. In this test, a doctor removes a small skin sample and studies it under a microscope.

A genetic test can confirm the type of EB by identifying the defective gene. A prenatal genetic test can confirm if parents are at risk for having a baby with EB.

Management and Treatment

There is no cure for EB. Treatment helps:

  • Prevent blisters from forming.
  • Care for blisters and skin so that complications don’t occur.
  • Treat nutritional problems that may occur due to blisters in the mouth or esophagus.
  • Manage pain.

To avoid damage and friction that may cause the skin to blister or tear, doctors recommend:

  • Wearing soft, loose-fitting clothing made out of natural fibers. Turn clothing inside-out to avoid contact with seams.
  • Avoiding getting too hot; keep rooms at a comfortable and even temperature.
  • Staying out of the sun or wearing sunscreen.
  • Applying special bandages to protect the skin — use nonadhesive (doesn’t stick to skin) bandages and tape and rolled gauze.

To treat blisters, your doctor may recommend:

  • Treating wounds daily with ointments.
  • Using medicated bandages to help blisters heal and prevent infection.
  • Taking medications to manage pain.

To treat infections, your doctor may recommend:

  • Taking antibiotics by mouth or applying antibiotic cream.
  • Using a special wound covering for sores that don’t heal.

To prevent nutrition problems due to difficulty eating because of blisters in the mouth or esophagus, your doctor may recommend:

  • Using a baby bottle with a special nipple.
  • Feeding your baby with an eyedropper or syringe.
  • Adding liquids to mashed foods to thin them down, making them easier to eat.
  • Eating a diet of soft foods, such as soups, mashed foods, pudding and applesauce.
  • Serving foods at a warm (not hot) temperature.
  • Seeing a dietitian to monitor your special nutrition needs.

For severe cases of EB, you may need surgery. Surgery will widen the esophagus (the tube leading from the mouth to the stomach) if blisters and scarring have caused it to narrow. Inserting a feeding tube directly into the stomach, bypassing the esophagus entirely, is another option for some people. Surgery also separates fingers or toes that have fused from the btreatment listers.

To conclude, if you know any one who are facing this disease can share their latest reports via email query@gtsmeditour.com or you can whatsapp on +91 9880149003, we shall help you with the best available treatment options and do the needful.

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Asherman syndrome/ Adhesions Uterus

Jun 22, 2025 Posted by admin Gynaecology 0 comments

Overview

Adhesiolysis is a surgical procedure that removes an adhesion, or a band of scar tissue, that is binding two organs or one organ to the abdominal wall. It is typically performed when you have chronic pain in the abdomen, difficulty breathing, or obstruction of bowel movement in the intestines. The adhesiolysis procedure involves the use of a laser to break down adhesions that have formed in the pelvic region. A variety of factors cause adhesions. One of the most common causes is trauma to the body. This trauma can be caused by surgery, childbirth, or other injuries. Other causes include infection, inflammatory diseases, and autoimmune diseases.

This is necessary for women who are struggling with infertility due to blocked fallopian tubes. The procedure is done by opening up the abdomen and locating the adhesions. The adhesions are then pulled away from the organs and cut.

The adhesiolysis procedure also removes scar tissues from the intestine to facilitate bowel movement.To get the best adhesiolysis and infertility treatment.

Causes

A variety of factors cause adhesions. One of the most common causes is trauma to the body. This trauma can be caused by surgery, childbirth, or other injuries. Other causes include infection, inflammatory diseases, and autoimmune diseases.

Worldwide, it is estimated that about 90% of people who undergo pelvic or abdominal surgery develop adhesions.

Many people with abdominal adhesions don’t feel any symptoms. However, others may have mild to severe digestive problems. It is in those severe cases that doctors advise the adhesiolysis procedure.

Listed below are the other causes of adhesions:

  • Tuberculosis, an infectious bacterial disease that attacks the respiratory system
  • Crohn’s disease, which is an inflammation of the digestive tract
  • Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which is an infection of a woman’s reproductive organs, including the ovaries, uterine tubes (or fallopian tubes), and uterus
  • Radiation for treating cancer
  • Peritonitis, which is inflammation of the abdomen’s inner wall

Diagnosis

Adhesions can be scattered or form chains of scar tissue between the organs in your abdomen. You may not know you have them until they cause pain and discomfort.

Doctors use the following diagnostic methods to detect adhesions:

  • Blood tests

Healthcare professionals use blood tests to rule out any other condition that may be causing the symptoms.

Even though blood tests won’t indicate the presence of adhesions inside your abdomen, they can indicate how severe your intestinal obstruction is.

  • Imaging tests

Common imaging tests used by doctors to diagnose intestinal obstruction and rule out other possibilities are x-rays, computerised tomography (CT) scans, and lower GI series (x-rays and barium used for viewing large intestines).

These imaging tests help determine the severity, location, and cause of the obstruction.

Treatment

The most definitive method of diagnosing adhesions is surgery. Currently, no advanced imaging technology is available to see adhesions without the need for surgery. The doctor may perform open or laparoscopic surgery to detect and remove scar tissues.

Once your doctor confirms the diagnosis, they will recommend any of the following adhesiolysis procedures:

  • Open adhesiolysis

During the open adhesiolysis procedure, a surgeon cuts through the midline using a scalpel to remove the scar tissues. Compared to laparoscopic adhesiolysis, it’s a more invasive surgery.

  • Laparoscopic adhesiolysis

Less invasive of the two, the laparoscopic adhesiolysis procedure requires one small incision. Through that incision, the surgeon guides a laparoscope to find the location of adhesions inside your abdomen.

A laparoscope is a fibre-optic instrument that allows doctors to access the inside of your pelvis or abdomen without any major cuts or incisions and observe the images on a television monitor in real time. The device resembles a tube with a light and a camera fitted into it. The laparoscopic adhesiolysis procedure is known for benefits such as faster recovery, shorter hospital stay, and a lower probability that adhesions might recur.

Conclusion

If you notice any of these symptoms, you can connect us via email – query@gtsmeditour.com and share all the recent reports and get a complementary medical opinion from our panel of doctors. therefore it will help you with choosing the right treatment plan and connect us for further treatment .

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Salpingectomy

Jun 15, 2025 Posted by admin Gynaecology, Uncategorized 0 comments

Overview

A salpingectomy is a surgical procedure where a surgeon removes one or both of your fallopian tubes. Your fallopian tubes are a pair of ducts between your ovaries and your uterus. They allow an egg to leave your ovary and travel towards your uterus, where it can meet sperm for fertilization. After this procedure, getting pregnant is usually more difficult, as this procedure is used as a method of permanent birth control. There are several other reasons to get a salpingectomy, such as preventing ovarian cancer, ectopic pregnancy, tubal blockage, or infection.

Partial salpingectomy

A partial salpingectomy is the surgical removal of part of a fallopian tube.

Complete salpingectomy

A complete (or total) salpingectomy is a surgical procedure to completely remove one or both fallopian tubes. Removal of one fallopian tube is called a unilateral salpingectomy and removal of both is called a bilateral salpingectomy.

Salpingo-oophorectomy

Oophorectomy is the surgical removal of one or both ovaries. Salpingo-oophorectomy surgery involves removing the fallopian tube and the ovary.

Opportunistic salpingectomy

Salpingectomy can be done at the same time as another planned abdominal surgery. This is called opportunistic salpingectomy and it simply means taking advantage of the opportunity to remove both fallopian tubes while you are having another abdominal surgery, such as a gallbladder removal or a hernia repair. Even if you don’t have a known risk factor for getting ovarian cancer, this surgery can help prevent cancer of the ovary, fallopian tube and peritoneum (the membrane that surrounds the abdominal organs).

 Outlook

Most people will recover within a few days from a laparoscopic salpingectomy. But it might take up to 14 days to resume your day-to-day lifestyle. You can return to work when you’re able, although you might need modifications for a short time.

Recovery takes longer if you had an open abdominal salpingectomy. You can expect a slower recovery that lasts up to six weeks. This is because your incision site may be sore or painful, making it challenging to resume your usual mobility levels. Talk to your healthcare provider about modifications you should make during your recovery.

Follow your healthcare provider’s recommendations about activities to avoid after surgery, including things like sexual intercourse. You should avoid strenuous exercise, lifting heavy objects and anything that puts strain on your abdomen for at least two to six weeks, depending on the type of surgery you had.

Be sure that you fully understand the physical limitations your healthcare provider recommends during the recovery period. Not following the instructions puts you at risk for injury, infection and other complications.

Further you can contact us for any queries relevant via email : query@gtsmeditour.com or you can whatsapp us on +91 9880149003

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Ehlers-Danlos syndromes

May 21, 2025 Posted by admin Rheumatologist 0 comments

Overview

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome are a group of genetic disorders that affect your connective tissues — primarily your skin, joints and blood vessel walls. Connective tissue is a complex mixture of proteins and other substances that provide strength and elasticity to the underlying structures in your body. People who have Ehlers-Danlos syndrome usually have overly flexible joints and stretchy, fragile skin. This can become a problem if you have a wound that requires stitches, because the skin often isn’t strong enough to hold them.

This means their connective tissue isn’t as strong or supportive as it should be.

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome can affect any connective tissue in your body, including your:

  • Cartilage.
  • Bones.
  • Blood.
  • Fat.

Depending on where EDS affects your connective tissue, you might experience symptoms in your:

  • Skin.
  • Joints.
  • Muscles.
  • Blood vessels.

Types of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

Healthcare providers classify Ehlers-Danlos syndrome into 13 types based on where it affects you and the symptoms it causes.

The most common types cause symptoms like loose or unstable joints and fragile skin that tears easily. Some rare types of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome can cause fatal complications — especially vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS that affects your blood vessels).

Your physician will tell you which type of EDS you have and which treatments you’ll need to manage your symptoms.

Symptoms

There are many different types of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, but the most common signs and symptoms include:

  • Overly flexible joints. Because the connective tissue that holds joints together is looser, your joints can move far past the normal range of motion. Joint pain and dislocations are common.
  • Stretchy skin. Weakened connective tissue allows your skin to stretch much more than usual. You may be able to pull a pinch of skin up away from your flesh, but it will snap right back into place when you let go. Your skin might also feel exceptionally soft and velvety.
  • Fragile skin. Damaged skin often doesn’t heal well. For example, the stitches used to close a wound often will tear out and leave a gaping scar. These scars may look thin and crinkly.

Symptom severity can vary from person to person and depends on the specific type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome that you have. The most common type is called hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

People who have vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome often share distinctive facial features of a thin nose, thin upper lip, small earlobes and prominent eyes. They also have thin, translucent skin that bruises very easily. In fair-skinned people, the underlying blood vessels are very visible through the skin.

Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome can weaken your heart’s largest artery (aorta), as well as the arteries to other regions of your body. A rupture of any of these larger blood vessels can be fatal. The vascular type can also weaken the walls of the uterus or large intestines — which also may rupture.

Diagnosis

Extremely loose joints, fragile or stretchy skin, and a family history of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome are often enough to make a diagnosis. Genetic tests on a sample of your blood can confirm the diagnosis in rarer forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and help rule out other problems. For hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, the most common form, there is no genetic testing available.

Treatment

There is no cure for Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, but treatment can help you manage your symptoms and prevent further complications.

Medications

Your doctor may prescribe drugs to help you control:

  • Pain. Over-the-counter pain relievers — such as acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and naproxen sodium (Aleve) — are the mainstay of treatment. Stronger medications are only prescribed for acute injuries.
  • Blood pressure. Because blood vessels are more fragile in some types of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, your doctor may want to reduce the stress on the vessels by keeping your blood pressure low.

Physical therapy

Joints with weak connective tissue are more likely to dislocate. Exercises to strengthen the muscles and stabilize joints are the primary treatment for Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Your physical therapist might also recommend specific braces to help prevent joint dislocations.

Surgical and other procedures

Surgery may be recommended to repair joints damaged by repeated dislocations, or to repair ruptured areas in blood vessels and organs. However, the surgical wounds may not heal properly because the stitches may tear through the fragile tissues.

 

Conclusion:

Finally if your loved ones are facing any such issue or disease you can connect us via email : query@gtsmeditour.com or whatsapp us +91 9880149003 and get complete health check package from our hospitals in India . early diagnosis and treatment can save life and bring quality of life to the patient.

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Duchenne muscular dystrophy – A rare genetic disorder

May 18, 2025 Posted by admin Neurology 0 comments

Overview

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a  rear genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness due to the alterations of a protein called dystrophin that helps keep muscle cells intact. It predominantly affects males, Muscle weakness becomes increasingly noticeable between the ages of 3 and 5, and most patients use a wheelchair by the time they are 12. During adolescence, heart and breathing muscles weaken, leading to serious, life-threatening complications. Duchenne is caused by a change or mutation in the gene that encodes instructions for creating dystrophin, an essential protein for muscle strength. Dystrophin is a protein that plays a key structural role in muscle fiber function. In healthy muscle, dystrophin interacts with other proteins at the cell membrane to stabilize and protect the cell during regular activity involving muscle contraction and relaxation. Genetic testing can confirm the diagnosis and identify the disease-causing mutation in the dystrophin gene.

Individuals with Duchenne produce little or no dystrophin in their muscle.

Without dystrophin, normal activity causes excessive damage to muscle cells, and over time is replaced with fat and fibrotic tissue. DMD carriers are females who have a normal dystrophin gene on one X chromosome and an abnormal dystrophin gene on the other X chromosome. Most carriers of DMD do not themselves have signs and symptoms of the disease, but a minority do. Symptoms can range from mild skeletal muscle weakness or cardiac involvement to severe weakness or cardiac effects and can begin in childhood or adulthood. boys with DMD usually did not survive much beyond their teen years. Thanks to advances in cardiac and respiratory care, life expectancy is increasing and many young adults with DMD attend college, have careers, get married, and have children. Survival into the early 30s is becoming more common than before.DMD treatment requires multidisciplinary care to coordinate the multiple specialized assessments and interventions needed to maximize function and quality of life for patients. The use of available treatments can help to maintain comfort and function and prolong life. physicians can help create individualized care plans regarding all medical and assistive aspects DMD patients require.

Signs and Symptoms

DMD causes muscle weakness that worsens over time, so common symptoms include:

  • Progressive muscle weakness and atrophy (loss of muscle bulk) that begins in your child’s legs and pelvis. It occurs less severely in their arms, neck and other areas of their body.
  • Calf muscle hypertrophy (increase in muscle size).
  • Difficulty climbing up stairs.
  • Difficulty walking that gets worse over time.
  • Frequent falls.
  • Waddling gait (walk).
  • Toe walking.
  • Fatigue.

Other common symptoms of DMD include:

  • Cardiomyopathy.
  • Breathing difficulties and shortness of breath.
  • Cognitive impairment and learning differences.
  • Delayed speech and language development.
  • Developmental delay.
  • Scoliosis (spine curvature).
  • Short stature (height).

Cause

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by a change (mutation) in the gene that gives instructions for a protein called dystrophin. Dystrophin is a critical part of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC), which plays an important role as a structural unit of muscle.

In DMD, both dystrophin and DGC proteins are missing, which ultimately leads to the death (necrosis) of muscle cells. People with DMD have less than 5% of the normal quantity of dystrophin needed for healthy muscles.

As people with DMD age, their muscles can’t replace the dead cells with new ones, and connective and adipose (fat) tissue gradually replaces muscle fibers.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy has X-linked recessive inheritance, but about 30% of cases happen spontaneously without a family history of the condition.

X-linked means the gene responsible for DMD is located on the X chromosome, one of two sex chromosomes. Males have an X and Y chromosome, and females have two X chromosomes.

Genes, like chromosomes, usually come in pairs. Recessive means that when there are two copies of the responsible gene, both copies must have a disease-causing change (pathogenic variant or mutation) for a person to have the condition. Since males only have one X chromosome, if that chromosome has the genetic variant that causes DMD, they’ll have DMD

Diagnosis

If your child is experiencing symptoms of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), your child’s healthcare provider will likely perform a physical exam, neurological exam and muscle exam. They’ll ask detailed questions about your child’s symptoms and medical history.

If your child’s provider suspects that your child may have DMD, they’ll likely order the following tests:

  • Creatine kinase blood test: Your muscles release creatine kinase when they’re damaged, so elevated levels may indicate DMD. Levels typically peak by age 2 and can be more than 10 to 20 times above the normal range.
  • Genetic blood test: A genetic blood test that looks for a complete or near-complete absence of the dystrophin gene can confirm the diagnosis of DMD.
  • Muscle biopsy: Your child’s provider may take a small sample of their muscle tissue from a muscle in their thigh or calf. A specialist will then look at the sample under a microscope to look for signs of DMD.
  • Electrocardiogram (EKG): As DMD almost always affects your heart, your child’s provider will likely perform an EKG to look for characteristic signs of DMD and to check the health of your child’s heart.

Management and Treatment

There’s no cure for Duchene muscular dystrophy (DMD), so the main goal of treatment is to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Supportive therapies for DMD include:

  • Corticosteroids: Corticosteroids, such as prednisolone and deflazacort, are beneficial for delaying muscle strength loss, improving lung function, delaying scoliosis, slowing the progression of cardiomyopathy (heart weakness) and prolonging survival.
  • Medication to treat cardiomyopathy: Early treatment with ACE inhibitors and/or beta-blockers may slow the progression of cardiomyopathy and prevent the onset of heart failure.
  • Physical therapy: The main goal of physical therapy for DMD is to prevent contractures (permanent tightening of your muscles, tendons and skin). This usually involves certain stretching exercises.
  • Surgery to help treat scoliosis and contractures: Surgery to release contractures may be necessary for severe cases. Surgery to correct scoliosis may improve lung and breathing function.
  • Exercise: Your child’s healthcare provider will likely recommend gentle exercise to avoid muscle atrophy due to a lack of use. This is usually a combination of swimming pool and recreation-based exercises.

Other supportive therapies for DMD include:

  • Mobility aids, such as braces, canes and wheelchairs.
  • Tracheostomy and assisted ventilation for respiratory failure.

With improvement in supportive care over the years, the life expectancy of DMD has significantly improved over the past few decades. so, If you’re concerned about the risk of passing on DMD or other genetic conditions before trying to have a biological child, talk to your healthcare provider about genetic counseling. In some situations, prenatal testing may be able to diagnose DMD in early pregnancy.

Conclusion:

Finally if your loved ones are planning for parenthood in late 30s we would suggest you genetic counselling , also you can connect us via email : query@gtsmeditour.com or whatsapp us +91 9880149003 and get complete health check package from our hospitals in India . early diagnosis and treatment can save life and bring quality of life to the patient.

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Hypochondriasis – An illness anxiety disorder

May 16, 2025 Posted by admin General Health, Mental health 0 comments

Overview

Illness anxiety disorder, sometimes called hypochondriasis or health anxiety, is worrying excessively that you are or may become seriously ill. You may have no physical symptoms. Or you may believe that normal body sensations or minor symptoms are signs of severe illness, even though a thorough medical exam doesn’t reveal a serious medical condition. Even after medical tests show no problems, people with hypochondriasis have trouble focusing on anything other than worrying about being very sick. Their persistent health worries can interfere with their relationships, careers and lives. You may be more familiar with the term hypochondria or health anxiety. Healthcare providers now use the term illness anxiety disorder.

Illness anxiety disorder (hypochondria) is extremely rare. It typically appears during early adulthood. Illness anxiety disorder is a chronic (ongoing) condition. You may go through periods where you have little or no health anxiety — and then it returns. You can take steps to keep illness anxiety disorder symptoms in check.

Symptoms

Symptoms of hypochondria include:

  • Avoiding people or places due to worry about catching an illness.
  • Constantly researching diseases and symptoms.
  • Exaggerating symptoms and their severity (for instance, a cough becomes a sign of lung cancer).
  • High level of anxiety about personal health.
  • Obsession with usual body functions, like your heart rate.
  • Oversharing your symptoms and health status with others.
  • Repeatedly checking for signs of illness, like taking your blood pressure or temperature.
  • Seeking reassurance from loved ones about your symptoms or health.
  • Uneasiness with healthy body functions, like gas or sweating.

Causes

The exact cause of illness anxiety disorder isn’t clear, but these factors may play a role:

  • Beliefs. You may have a difficult time tolerating uncertainty over uncomfortable or unusual body sensations. This could lead you to misinterpret that all body sensations are serious, so you search for evidence to confirm that you have a serious disease.
  • Family. You may be more likely to have health anxiety if you had parents who worried too much about their own health or your health.
  • Past experience. You may have had experience with serious illness in childhood, so physical sensations may be frightening to you.

Diagnosis

To determine a diagnosis, you’ll likely have a physical exam and any tests your primary care provider recommends. Your provider can help determine if you have any medical conditions that require treatment and set limits on lab testing, imaging and referrals to specialists.

Your primary care provider may also refer you to a mental health professional. He or she may:

  • Conduct a psychological evaluation to talk about your symptoms, stressful situations, family history, fears or concerns, and ways that your anxiety is negatively affecting your life
  • Have you fill out a psychological self-assessment or questionnaire
  • Ask you about alcohol, drug or other substance use
  • Determine whether your illness preoccupation is better explained by another mental disorder, such as somatic symptom disorder or generalized anxiety disorder.

Treatment

The goal of treatment is to help you manage anxiety about your health and improve your ability to function in daily life. Psychotherapy — also called talk therapy — can be helpful for illness anxiety disorder. Sometimes medications may be added.

Psychotherapy

Because physical sensations can be related to emotional distress and health anxiety, psychotherapy — particularly cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) — can be an effective treatment. CBT helps you learn skills to manage illness anxiety disorder and find different ways to manage your worries other than excessive medical testing or avoidance of medical care.

CBT can help you:

  • Identify your fears and beliefs about having a serious medical disease
  • Learn alternate ways to view your body sensations by working to change unhelpful thoughts
  • Become more aware of how your worries affect you and your behavior
  • Change the way you respond to your body sensations and symptoms
  • Learn skills to cope with and tolerate anxiety and stress
  • Reduce avoidance of situations and activities due to physical sensations
  • Reduce behaviors of frequently checking your body for signs of illness and repeatedly seeking reassurance
  • Improve daily functioning at home, at work, in relationships and in social situations
  • Address other mental health disorders, such as depression

Other therapies such as behavioral stress management and exposure therapy also may be helpful.

Medications

Antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), may help treat illness anxiety disorder. Medications to treat mood or anxiety disorders, if present, also may help.

Prevention

Unfortunately, there’s no known prevention against illness anxiety disorder. But getting support from medical and mental health professionals and loved ones (family, friends, etc.) may help reduce the severity of your symptoms and help you cope with the disorder.

Conclusion

If you come across your closed ones  or near ones with any such kind of disease  you can send us the latest reports via, email  – query@gtsmeditour.com or whatapp same on +91 9880149003 and get the best medical second opinion from our doctors and decided the further plan of action. we can support you the best way possible .

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Paranoid schizophrenia

Apr 29, 2025 Posted by admin Mental health, Neurology 0 comments

Overview

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by disruptions in thought processes, perceptions, emotional responsiveness, and social interactions. Although the course of schizophrenia varies among individuals, schizophrenia is typically persistent and can be both severe and disabling. The term “paranoid schizophrenia” is an outdated name for a subtype of schizophrenia. Experts no longer use or recognize this term. Instead, experts recognize schizophrenia as a specific disease, which is part of a spectrum of related conditions that involve psychosis. Schizophrenia usually happens at different ages depending on biological sex, but it doesn’t happen at different rates. It usually starts between ages 15 and 25 for males and between 25 and 35 for females. Schizophrenia in children is rare but possible, and these cases are usually much more severe. Experts estimate about 85 people out of every 10,000 will develop this condition at some point in their lifetime. Getting the proper treatment early is the best way to improve your chances of managing the illness. Some people can recover from schizophrenia entirely and never have it return. You may need to stay on medication for a long time, possibly even for life. People with schizophrenia also have a higher risk of dying by suicide, which means treatment can be life-saving, not just helpful.

Symptoms

The key symptoms of schizophrenia are:

  • Delusions.
  • Hallucinations.
  • Disorganized or incoherent speech.
  • Disorganized or unusual behavior.
  • Negative symptoms.

Delusions and hallucinations are the two symptoms that can involve paranoia.

  • Delusions. These are persistent false beliefs. A person who has a delusional belief usually won’t change their mind even if faced with strong evidence. Delusions involving paranoia are often “persecutory,” which means a person believes that someone is trying to harm them or negatively affect their life.
  • Hallucinations. These are events a person imagines (usually in the form of something that a person hears or sees). A person who has a hallucination typically can’t tell that what they’re experiencing isn’t real. These commonly feed into delusions by giving the person additional “evidence” to confirm that someone is trying to harm or upset them.

Causes

The three main reasons that schizophrenia happens include:

  • Chemical imbalances in your brain. The chemicals involved are those that your brain uses to communicate between brain cells.
  • Congenital brain problems. These are problems that affect your brain’s development before you’re born.
  • Communication disruptions between areas of the brain. Your brain relies on intricate networks of connections between its various areas. Experts suspect that schizophrenia happens because those connections deteriorate.

Experts believe several risk factors contribute to developing schizophrenia. Those risk factors include genetic mutations you inherit from one or both parents, exposure to certain chemicals or substances, complications during pregnancy and recreational drug use. However, experts have yet to uncover any confirmed triggers or causes for this condition.

Diagnosis and Tests

Usually a mental health specialist like a psychiatrist, diagnoses schizophrenia using a combination of tools and techniques. Some of the techniques involve analyzing your medical and personal history, asking you questions about your experiences and symptoms, and observing your behavior and actions.

Combining those methods is necessary because diagnosing schizophrenia requires the following:

  • At least two of the five main symptoms.
  • Main symptoms that have lasted at least one month, and overall effects that have lasted at least six months.
  • Disruption in your social or work life.

The possible tests include:

  • Imaging tests. These can include computerized tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and other imaging tests.
  • Blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid (spinal tap) tests. These tests look for chemical changes in bodily fluids, as well as heavy metal poisoning, infections and more.
  • Brain activity testing. An electroencephalogram (EEG) analyzes and records the electrical activity in your brain, which can rule out seizures or epilepsy.

Management and Treatment

Schizophrenia is almost always treatable, but it isn’t curable. Some people can recover from schizophrenia entirely and never have it return. However, experts consider people in that situation “in remission” because there’s no way to predict if it will or won’t return. Schizophrenia treatment will center on managing your symptoms. You may need to stay on medication for a long time, possibly even for life. Psychotherapy, a kind of talk therapy, will likely also be a big part of the plan to help you understand and manage your symptoms.

Many types of professionals can help you manage schizophrenia. Each is an expert in something different and is able to support you in different ways. When everyone works together, you can get well-rounded care.

Your care team might include:

  • Social workers
  • Community mental health nurses
  • Occupational therapists
  • Counselors, psychotherapists, or therapists
  • Psychiatrists or psychologists
  • Pharmacists
Schizophrenia is a lifelong, incurable condition. Some people may have only one episode of schizophrenia in their lifetime. However, healthcare providers consider these cases “in remission” instead of cured or resolved because the symptoms can return unpredictably.

Taking care of yourself and managing schizophrenia is possible, especially when people with this condition build a strong, trusting relationship with a healthcare provider and their loved ones. Some of the most important things you can do to take care of yourself include:

  • Take your medication as prescribed (and don’t stop taking it without first talking to your provider).
  • See your provider as recommended (these visits can help with adjusting medication or treatment plans to help you best).
  • Don’t ignore or avoid your symptoms.
  • Avoid alcohol and recreational drug use (these can worsen your symptoms or cause other problems).
  • Consider seeking support.
  • Build relationships with people you trust — especially loved ones and your healthcare provider — and don’t isolate yourself from them.

Conclusion

If you come across any of your known friend, neighbour or loved one suffering from any disease unaffordable or untreatable at your country please feel free to contact us via email query@gtsmeditour.com or you can whatsapp us  on +91 9880149003 and get second medical opinion from our professional healthcare providers abroad. further we shall assist in getting the appropriate treatment.

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Hirschsprung’s disease

Apr 24, 2025 Posted by admin Gastroenterology 0 comments

Overview

Hirschsprung’s disease is a condition that affects the large intestine (colon) and causes problems with passing stool this disease is also known as congenital megacolon. This condition is present at birth (congenital) as a result of missing nerve cells in the muscles of the baby’s colon. Without these nerve cells stimulating gut muscles to help move contents through the colon, the contents can back up and cause blockages in the bowel. If the baby has Hirschsprung’s disease, poop moves through their intestines until it reaches the section that’s missing nerve cells. Once the poop reaches that point, it moves slowly or stops (constipation). There’s no cure for Hirschsprung’s disease, but surgical treatment often results in a positive outcome. There are two types of surgeries to treat Hirschsprung’s disease: a pull-through procedure and an ostomy. Without treatment, Hirschsprung’s disease can cause serious complications. If everything goes well, your baby will feel much better a few days after surgery. No one can prevent Hirschsprung’s disease. If you have the disease or a family history of it, you may want to meet with genetic counselors before starting a family.

Symptoms

Some babies with Hirschsprung’s disease have blocked intestines at birth. There’s a chance your baby has Hirschsprung’s disease if they don’t poop within 48 hours after birth.

Other symptoms of Hirschsprung’s disease in babies may include:

  • Swollen belly.
  • Constipation.
  • Vomiting.
  • Diarrhea.
  • Lack of appetite (refusing to eat) and poor weight gain.
  • Delayed growth.

Causes

It’s not clear what causes Hirschsprung’s disease. It sometimes occurs in families and might, in some cases, be associated with a genetic mutation. During fetal development, neural crest cells typically grow from the top of the small intestine through the large intestine to the anus. In children with Hirschsprung disease, these nerve cells stop growing in the large intestine before reaching the anus.

Diagnosis and Tests

The physician  will check the baby belly to see if it’s swollen and painful. Then they’ll check your baby’s rectum for backed-up poop, also perform one or more of these tests:

  • X-ray: Abdominal X-rays can show a blockage in your baby’s intestine.
  • Contrast enema: A healthcare provider inserts a catheter (a thin tube) through your baby’s rectum. The catheter fills their intestine with contrast, a safe liquid. A technician takes X-rays as the contrast travels through your baby’s intestine. This exam shows if there are any blockages or narrowing in your child’s intestines.
  • Biopsy: Your baby’s healthcare provider uses a special device to remove a small amount of tissue (biopsy) from your baby’s rectum. A pathologist then looks at the tissue under a microscope to check for nerve cells. This procedure isn’t painful and doesn’t require anesthesia.

Treatment

There are two types of surgeries to treat Hirschsprung’s disease: a pull-through procedure and an ostomy.

Pull-through procedure

A surgeon removes the section of your baby’s large intestine that’s missing nerve cells. Then they connect the healthy part of your baby’s large intestine to their anus. The surgeon may use laparoscopic or traditional surgery to perform the pull-through procedure.

The pull-through procedure is the most common surgery for Hirschsprung’s disease and has the best outcome for recovery.

Ostomy surgery

Your baby may need a colostomy (large intestine) or ileostomy (small intestine) before, or at the same time as, a pull-through procedure.

During ostomy surgery, surgeons connect the large or small intestine to the skin outside your baby’s belly. Ostomy surgery allows poop to leave your baby’s body through an opening (stoma) outside of your baby’s anus, usually around their belly. The poop goes into an ostomy bag attached to your baby’s body.

Additional treatments

Some nonsurgical treatments work well in addition to surgery. They include:

  • Bowel management: A routine involving medicines and/or enemas to make sure your child’s pooping habits are healthy.
  • Sacral nerve stimulation: A surgeon inserts a tiny device near your lower spine to control when you pee and poop.
  • Biofeedback: Therapy that involves learning strategies to have more control over involuntary bodily functions — in this case, pooping.

After surgery, some babies with Hirschsprung’s disease may still have constipation, pooping accidents and colon infections. But with long-term follow-up care, most children can manage pooping without becoming severely constipated or developing fecal incontinence.

Conclusion

If you come across any of your known friend, neighbour or loved one suffering from any disease unaffordable or untreatable at your country please feel free to contact us via email query@gtsmeditour.com or you can whatsapp us  on +91 9880149003 and get second medical opinion from our professional healthcare providers abroad. further we shall assist in getting the appropriate treatment.

Happy to assist…

 

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