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Allergies

Overview

Allergy is a condition in which the immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Allergies are one of the most common chronic diseases. A chronic disease lasts a long time or occurs often. An allergy occurs when the body’s immune system sees a substance as harmful and overreacts to it. The substances that cause allergic reactions are allergens. When someone has allergies, their immune system makes an antibody called immunoglobulin E (IgE). These antibodies respond to allergens. The symptoms that result are an allergic reaction. Avoiding allergens is an important treatment approach. However, it often doesn’t completely end allergic reactions.

Symptoms

Common allergy symptoms may include:

  • rashes, such as hives
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • fever
  • wheezing
  • difficulty breathing
  • congestion
  • runny nose
  • sneezing
  • coughing
  • fatigue
  • headaches

Causes of allergies

It’s still unclear why the immune system causes an allergic reaction when a normally harmless foreign substance enters the body.

However, researchers have identified several factors that may contribute to allergies, including:

  • Older age
  • Genetics
  • Hormonal changes, especially in people assigned female at birth
  • Immunological factors, such as weakened immune system
  • Gut microbiome changes
  • Having other allergies, such as atopic dermatitis

Several common allergens have also been identified, including foods, medications, and environmental irritants. The cause of allergies may depend on how you come into contact with it:

  • Ingestion: Foods like nuts, cow’s milk, sesame, fish, tree nuts, and shellfish may cause allergies. Some oral medications like penicillin may also trigger a reaction.
  • Inhaling: Several environmental irritants, such as pollution, pet dander, mold, pollen, and dust mites, can trigger allergies.
  • Direct contact: Some allergies are caused by direct contact with allergens, such as insect stings, the sun, certain plants, latex, and certain metals.

Diagnosis

A doctor will first ask about your symptoms and perform a physical exam.

They may ask about anything unusual you may have eaten recently and any substances you may have come in contact with. For example, if you have a rash on your hands, they may ask if you put on latex gloves recently.

To confirm an allergy, they may order several tests, including:

  • Blood test: This can help detect the presence of IgE, which are cells that react to allergens.
  • Skin prick test: Small amounts of an allergen are pricked, brushed, or scratched against your skin to see if there’s an allergic reaction.

Types of allergies

There are several types of allergies These include:

  • food allergies
  • hayfever (allergic rhinitis)
  • asthma
  • atopic dermatitis (eczema)
  • skin allergies
  • medication allergies
  • insect bite allergies

 Treatment and Management

Avoiding the allergen that triggers the reaction is the best way to prevent allergies. If that’s not possible, there are treatment options available.

Medication

Allergy treatment usually includes over-the-counter or prescription medications, which are available as nasal sprays, pills, liquids, and topical ointments.

Some allergy medications may include:

  • antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl), loratadine (Claritin), and cetirizine (Zyrtec)
  • corticosteroids
  • decongestants (Afrin, Suphedrine PE, Sudafed)
  • mast cell stabilizers, which stop mast cells from releasing histamine

It’s important to work with a healthcare professional to develop the best management plan for your allergies.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that involves administering small doses of an allergen to help your body become used to it over time.

There are two types of immunotherapy:

  • Injections: This involves several injections over a few years. It’s most helpful for allergens like pollen, pet dander, insect stings, and asthma.
  • Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT): This involves placing small doses of allergens under your tongue. It’s best for asthma and nasal allergies, such as dust mites, ragweed, and grass.

Successful immunotherapy can prevent allergy symptoms from returning. The best way to prevent allergies is to avoid allergens. You can also take antihistamines or other medications daily to help control your symptoms and reduce your allergic reaction. If you have animal allergies, avoid petting, hugging or kissing animals. Don’t allow them in your bedroom or on your furniture. Regularly vacuuming rugs, carpets and other surfaces helps remove dust, animal dander, pollen and other allergens.

Anyone of you from your family is suffering from any type of disease you can approach us through email – query@gtsmeditour.com or whatsapp the latest report on +91 9880149003 and get the best doctor opinion free of cost, further assistance in getting treatment abroad.

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Pilonidal Cyst – An unusual pocket in the skin

Overview

A pilonidal cyst is an unusual pocket in the skin that usually contains hair, dirt and skin debris. The cyst is almost always near the tailbone at the top of the buttocks. When a pilonidal sinus becomes infected it can turn into an abscess or cyst. It can cause severe pain and may ooze pus and blood and have a strong odor.

A pilonidal sinus infection mostly affects men and is also common in young adults. It’s also more common in people who sit a lot, like cab drivers.

You may not have any noticeable symptoms at first other than a small, dimple-like depression on the surface of your skin. However, once the depression becomes infected, it will quickly develop into a cyst (a closed sac filled with fluid) or an abscess (a swollen and inflamed tissue where pus collects).

Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics if the skin around your pilonidal cyst is inflamed, but antibiotics will not heal the cyst or make it go away.

This is the preferred method for your first pilonidal cyst. Your doctor makes a cut into the cyst and drains it. They remove any hair follicles and leave the wound open, packing the space with gauze.

It’s a simple procedure done under local anesthesia, meaning the doctor numbs just the area around the cyst. You have to change the gauze often until the cyst heals, which may take up to 3 weeks.

Symptoms

A pilonidal cyst may not cause symptoms. But if it’s infected, the skin around the cyst may be swollen and painful. Symptoms of an infected pilonidal cyst include:

  • A pit near the top of the buttocks crease.
  • Pain.
  • Inflamed, swollen skin.
  • Pus or blood leaking from an opening in the skin.
  • An odor from draining pus.

 What are the causes of a pilonidal sinus infection?

The exact cause of an infected pilonidal sinus isn’t known, but it’s believed to be a combination of changing hormones  hair growth, and friction from clothes or from spending a long time sitting.

Activities that cause friction, like sitting, can force the hair growing in the area to burrow back under the skin. The body considers this hair foreign and launches an immune response against it, similar to how it would react when dealing with a splinter.

This immune response forms the cyst around your hair. Sometimes a person may have multiple sinuses that connect under the skin.

The signs of an infection include:

  • pain when sitting or standing
  • swelling of the cyst
  • reddened, sore skin around the area
  • pus or blood draining from the abscess, causing a foul odor
  • hair protruding from the lesion
  • formation of more than one sinus tract, or holes in the skin

You may also experience a low-grade fever, but this is much less common.

Can a pilonidal cyst go away on its own?

Sometimes, your cyst may open and drain on its own. If it does drain on its own, be sure to keep the area around it dry and clean.

Pilonidal cyst antibiotics

Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics if the skin around your pilonidal cyst is inflamed, but antibiotics will not heal the cyst or make it go away.

Phenol injection

For this type of treatment, your doctor will first give you a local anesthetic. They will then inject phenol, a chemical compound used as an antiseptic, into the cyst. This procedure may need to be repeated several times. Eventually, this treatment will cause the lesion to harden and close.

This treatment has a very high recurrence rate. Therefore, it’s uncommon in the United States. Doctors turn to surgery as the treatment of choice in some cases.

Laser therapy

Laser therapy won’t cure your current pilonidal cyst, but it can remove hair to prevent it from becoming ingrown. This could help keep further cysts from developing.

Pilonidal cyst surgery

If your pilonidal cyst is chronic or keeps returning, you may need surgery. You also may need surgery if the cyst worsens and creates a hole under your skin. Some forms of surgery include:

Marsupialization. In this procedure, your doctor makes a cut and drains the cyst, removing pus and any hair inside. Then, they sew the edges of the cut to the wound edges to make a pouch.

  • Advantages — This is outpatient surgery under local anesthesia. It also lets your doctor make a smaller, shallower cut so that you don’t need to repack gauze daily.
  • Disadvantages — It takes about 6 weeks to heal, and you need a doctor specially trained in the technique.

Incision, drainage, closing of wound. In this technique, the doctor drains the cyst, but it’s not left open.

  • Advantage — You don’t need to pack gauze because your doctor fully closes the wound after surgery.
  • Disadvantages — You’re more likely to have problems with the cyst in the future. It’s harder to remove the entire cyst with this method. It’s usually done in an operating room with a specially trained surgeon.

Risk factors

Factors that might increase your risk of a pilonidal cyst include:

  • Being a young adult white male.
  • Being overweight.
  • Having an inactive lifestyle.
  • Sitting for long periods at a time.
  • Having thick, stiff body hair.

If your pilonidal cyst is not treated or keeps returning, you could develop what’s called sinus cavities (empty spaces under the skin) and pockets of infection.

Infected pilonidal cyst

An infected pilonidal cyst can be painful and is referred to as an abscess.

If your cyst is infected, the pus may smell bad, and you may get a fever and feel nauseated.

If your infected cyst worsens, the infection could spread throughout your body, which might be life-threatening.

Pilonidal cyst recurrence

Even with medical treatment, you may develop chronic pilonidal disease, which means your cysts keep coming back.

Prevention

To help prevent pilonidal cysts, try to:

  • Wash regularly.
  • Achieve or maintain a healthy weight.
  • Avoid prolonged sitting.

If you’ve had pilonidal cysts in the past, you might want to regularly shave the affected area or use hair removal products to reduce the risk of a new cyst.

Pilonidal cysts are small fluid-filled sacs or bumps that appear along the crease or top of your buttocks. If the cyst isn’t painful, you can try treating it yourself. However, if the pain worsens or appears to get infected, you should see your doctor. Your doctor can treat the pilonidal cyst or surgically remove it. It’s important to know the signs of pilonidal cysts since they can come back after treatment.

Please note for anykind of medical assistance abroad you can always connect us on email at query@gtsmeditour.com or whatsapp us on +91 9880149003 all the latest reports and get a free medical opinion before you plan for treatment abroad.

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GTS has organised International Accredited CME with MGM hospital Chennai, India in association with Oman Cancer Association conducted a CME program at Hotel Grand Hyatt, Muscat

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GTS has organised international accredited CME with MGM Hospital Chennai, India in association with Oman Cancer Association conducted a CME program at Hotel Grand Hyatt, Muscat.

AGENDA:

HSCT in hematological maligancies with a special focus on haploidentical transplants, and a brief talk on HIPEC.

The CME was graced by Dr. Deenadayalan M, who is a well renowned Senior Consultant and Clinical Lead of Paediatric Haematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation”. Dr. Deenadayalan discussed the present scenario and recent advances in oncology.

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The second keynote speaker – Dr. Salah Al Jabri. M.D(Consultant Hepatopancreatobiliary and liver transplant surgery& Head of liver transplant committee)

Royal Hospital delivered a talk about “Hepatocellular carcinoma-where are we standing”

Thanks giving and closure:

Team OCA and GTS extended their gratitude to MGM hospital for facilitating this academic initiative and OCA chairman Dr. Waheed al kharussi honoured both doctors for this wonderful educative session.

MGM hospital’s commitment to continuing such programs in our country is laudable. MGM Hospital has set benchmarks for patient care in India.

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HYSTERECTOMY

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DEFINITION

It is a surgical procedure to remove the uterus. It may also involve removal of the cervix, ovaries, fallopian tubes and other surrounding structures. Usually performed by a  gynecologists’ , a hysterectomy  may be total or partial.

TYPES OF HYSTERECTOMY

  1. Total hysterectomy- Surgeon removes your uterus and tour cervix but not your ovaries
  2. Hysterectomy with oophorectomy – The surgeon removes your uterus one or both the ovaries and sometimes your fallopian tubes
  3. Radical hysterectomy – Surgeon removes your uterus , cervix , the top portion of your vagina , most of the tissue that surrounds the cervix and sometimes the pelvic lymph nodes
  4. Supra cervical hysterectomy – Surgeon removes the body of you uterus, but leaves your cervix intact

TECHNIQUE

  1. Abdominal Hysterectomy:

Surgeon removes your uterus through a 6-8 inch long incision in the abdomen. The  doctor might recommend this technique for

  • Removal of ovaries and fallopian tubes
  • An enlarged uterus
  • Large fibroid
  • Endometriosis , cancer

2.Vaginal Hysterectomy:

Surgeon removes your uterus through vagina . This technique is most often used to treat uterine prolapse or when vaginal repairs are necessary for related conditions. It involves the least surgery pain as external scar is not present

     3.Minimally Invasive Robotic Hysterectomy:

Surgeon removes your uterus through small incision on the lower abdomen . He or she inserts a laparoscope – a thin , flexible tube containing a video camera through a cut in your belly bottom . Uterus is removed in sections through the laparoscope tube or through the vagina

     4. Minimally invasive Robotic Hysterectomy:

Surgeon uses a combination of high definition 3D magnification , robotic technology and miniature instruments to view manipulate and remove your uterus. 4-5 small incisions in your abdomen is made to allow small robotic arms and surgical tools to reach your uterus

 

SIDE EFFECTS

  • Hot flushes
  • Night sweats
  • Vaginal dryness
  • Difficulty sleeping
  • Mood swings and irritability
  • Weight gain
  • Hair loss
  • Dry skin
  • Incontinence
  • Loss of bone density
  • Rapid heart beat

To get opinion from our network of hospitals visit www.mvtbooking.co or send email to gts@meditour.com

GALL BLADDER STONES

Gallbladder-Stones111

GALL BLADDER

It is a small pouch that sits just under the liver. It stores bile produced by the liver

GALL BLADDER STONES

Gall stones are hardened deposits of digestive fluid that can form in your gall bladder. It range in size from as small as a grain of sand to as large as a golf ball

SYMPTOMS

  • Abdominal pain so intense that you cant sit still or find a comfortable position
  • Yellowing of your skin and the whites of your eyes
  • High fever with chills

CAUSES

  • If there is too much cholesterol in your bile
  • If bilirubin content is high in bile
  • If gall bladder doesn’t empty  correctly

TYPES OF GALL STONES

  • Common type- Cholesterol gall stones
  • Pigment gall stones –  dark brown or black stones form when your bile contains too much bilirubin

RISK FACTORS

  • Females
  • Age 40 or older
  • Over weight or obese
  • Pregnant
  • Sedentary
  • High fat diet
  • Family history
  • Diabetes
  • Sickle cell anemia or leukemia

COMPLICATIONS

  • Inflammation of the gall bladder
  • Blockage of common bile duct
  • Gall bladder cancer

DIAGNOSIS

  • Abdominal ultrasound
  • CT
  • Blood test

TREATMENT

Most people with gall stones that doesn’t  cause symptoms will never need treatment . Treatment is decided depending upon the symptoms and diagnostic testing

Treatment options include:

  • Medications to dissolve gall stones
  • Surgery to remove the gall bladder -Cholecystectomy – It is recommended if gall stones frequently reoccur.  Once your gall bladder is removed bile flows directly from liver into small intestine , rather than being stored in your gall bladder

 

To get opinion from our network of hospitals  visit www.mvtbooking.com or send email to gts@meditour.com.

ALZHEIMERS DISEASE

alzheimers 11

INTRODUCTION

Its a progressive neurological disorder that causes the brain to shrink and brain cells to die . The early signs of the disease include forgetting recent events or conversations .As the disease progresses , a person with this disease will develop severe memory impairment and loss the ability to carryout every day task

CAUSE

It is thought to be caused by the abnormal build up of proteins in and around brain cells. Proteins such as amyloid , deposits of which form plaques around brain cells

SIGNS

  • Memory loss
  • poor judgement leading to bad decision
  • loss of spontaneity and sense of initiative
  • Taking longer to complete normal daily tasks
  • Repeating questions
  • Trouble handling money and paying bills
  • Wandering and getting lost
  • Losing things or misplacing them in odd places

STAGES

  • Pre clinic alzheimers disease
  • Mild cognitive impairment
  • Mild dementia
  • Moderate dementia
  • Severe dementia

DIAGNOSIS

  • Cognitive and memory tests to assess the persons ability to think and remember
  • Neurological function tests to test their balance , senses and reflexes
  • Blood and urine tests
  • A CT scan or MRI scan of the brain
  • Genetic testing

TREATMENTS

There is no known cure for Alzheimers disease. Treatments can however relieve its symptoms and improve quality of life for the person and their family and care givers

  • Effective management of any condition occurring alongside  alzheimers
  • activities and day care programs
  • involvement of support groups and services

To get opinion from our network of hospitals visit www.mvtbooking.com or send email to gts@meditour.com

APPENDICITIS

appendicitis 111

INTRODUCTION

It is an inflammation of the appendix, a finger shaped  pouch that projects from your colon on the lower right side of your abdomen . It causes pain in your lower right abdomen . However in most people , pain begins around the navel  and then moves. As inflammation worsens pain typically increases and eventually becomes worse

SYMPTOMS

Signs and symptoms of appendicitis may include :

  • Sudden pain that begins on the right side of the lower abdomen
  • Sudden pain that begins around your navel and often shifts to your lower right abdomen
  • Pain that worsens if you cough , walk or make other jarring movements
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Loss of appetite
  • Low grade fever that worsen as the illness progresses
  • Constipation or diarrhea
  • Abdominal bloating
  • Flatulence

Acute appendicitis:

Acute appendicitis is a severe and sudden case of appendicitis. The symptoms tend to develop quickly over the course of one to two days. It requites immediate medical treatment , if left untreated , it may cause your appendix to rupture .This can be a serious and even fatal complication . Acute  appendicitis is more common than chronic appendicitis.

Chronic appendicitis:

Chronic appendicitis is less common than acute. In chronic cases appendicitis , the symptoms may be relatively mild. They may disappear before reappearing again over a period of weeks , months or even years. This type of appendicitis can be challenging to diagnose. Sometimes its not diagnosed until it develops into acute appendicitis

CAUSES 

Many things can potentially block your appendix, including

  • a buildup of hardened stool
  • enlarged lymphoid follicles
  • Intestinal worms
  • traumatic injury
  • tumors

TREATMENT OPTIONS

Depending on the condition doctor may recommend

  • surgery to remove your appendix
  • needle draining or surgery to drain an abscess
  • antibiotics
  • pain relievers
  • IV fluids
  • liquid diet

SURGERY

The type of surgery used generally is called appendectomy. During this procedure they will remove your appendix . If your appendix has burst , they will  also  clean out your abdominal cavity

RISK FACTORS

Risk factors include

  • Age: most often affects people between the ages of 15-30
  • Sex : common in males than females
  • Family history: People who have family history of appendicitis are at high risk

COMPLICATIONS

  • A ruptured appendix
  • A pocket of pus that forms in the abdomen

To get opinion from network our network of hospitals visit www.mvtbooking.com or send email to query@gtsmeditour.com

Prepared by: Dr Sajna Hamza

CATARACT

cataract `111

DEFINITION

A cataract is a dense , cloudy area that forms in the lens of the eye. A cataract begins when proteins in the eye form clumps that prevent the lens from sending clear images to the retina. The retina works by converting the light that comes through the lens into signals. It sends the signals to the optic neve which carries them into the brain

Cataract develops slowly and eventually interferes with your vision. Cataracts are common in older people

SYMPTOMS

  • blurry vision
  • trouble seeing at night
  • seeing colors as faded
  • increased sensitivity to glare
  • halos surrounding lights
  • double vision in the affected eye
  • a need for frequent changes in prescription glasses

CAUSES

  • an over production of oxidants which are oxygen molecules that been chemically altered due to normal daily life
  • smoking
  • ultra violet  radiation
  • the long term usage of steroids and other medications
  • certain diseases such ass diabetes
  • trauma
  • radiation therapy

TREATMENT OF CATARACT

SURGERY: It is recommended when cataracts prevent you from going about your daily activities such as reading  or driving . Its also performed when cataract interfere with the treatments of other eye problems’

One surgical method known as phaco-emulsification involves the use of ultra sound waves to break the lens apart and remove the pieces

Extra capsular surgery involves removing the cloudy part of the lens through a long incision in the cornea .After  surgery  an artificial intra ocular lens is placed where the natural lens was. Cataract surgery   usually an out patient procedure  takes an hour or less to perform. First your doctor will place eye drops in your eye to dilate your pupil . You will receive local anesthesia to numb the area and you may be given a sedative to help you relax

Surgical methods used to remove cataracts include , using ultra sound probe to break up the lens for removal or making an incision in the eye and removing the lens in one piece

After the removal of the cataract the artificial lens is implanted into the empty lens capsule

To get opinion from network of hospitals visit www.mvtbooking.com or send email to query@gtsmeditour.com

SINUSITIS

sinusitis 2

A condition in which cavities around the nasal passages become inflamed .Sinuses are hollow spaces within the bones between your eyes, behind your cheekbones and in your forehead. They make mucus which keeps the inside of your nose moist. That in turn helps to protect against dust , allergens and pollutants. Healthy sinuses are filled with air , But when they become blocked and filled with fluid , germs can grow and cause an infection

TYPES

  • Acute sinusitis – usually start with cold like symptoms such as runny , stuffy nose and facial pain . It may start suddenly and last 2-4 weeks
  • Sub acute sinusitis – usually last 4-12 weeks
  • Chronic sinusitis- usually symptoms last 12 weeks or longer
  • Recurrent sinusitis – happens  several times a year

CAUSES

  • Swelling inside the nose like from common cold
  • Blood drainage ducts
  • Structural differences that narrow those ducts
  • Nasal ducts
  • Immune system deficiencies or meditation that suppress the immune system
  • Allergies
  • Pacifiers
  • Drinking water while lying on back

SYMPTOMS

  • Sinus headache
  • Facial tenderness
  • Pressure or pain in sinuses
  • Fever
  • Cloudy discolored nasal or postnasal drainage
  • Feeling of nasal stiffness
  • Sore throat Cough
  • Facial swelling
  • Pus like nasal discharge
  • Reduced sense of smell and taste
  • Tooth ache

HOME REMEDIES

  • Nasal irrigation – Rinse and clear the nasal passages with  salt water or a saline solution
  • Rest
  • Steal inhalation

TREATMENT

Treatment options depend on how long the condition last. Your doctor may prescribes antibodies if they think you have acute bacterial  sinusitis . In some cases surgery may be necessary to treat the underlying cause of acute sinusitis .Your doctor may perform surgery to

  • remove nasal polyp
  • correct a deviated nasal septum
  • clean and drain your sinuses

 

To get opinion from our network of hospitals visit www.mvtbooking.com or send email to query@gtsmeditour.com

 

TENNIS ELBOW

tennis elbow

An irritation of the tissue connecting the forearm muscle to the elbow .Tennis elbow can be caused by respective wrist and arm motions

CAUSES

Tennis elbow usually develops over time. Repetitive motions like gripping a racket during a swing can strain the muscles and put too much stress on the tendons .That constant tugging can eventually cause microscopic tears in the tissue. Tennis elbow might result from

  • Tennis
  • Racquet ball
  • Squash
  • Fencing
  • Weight lifting

It can also affect people with jobs or hobbies that require repetitive arm movements or gripping such as

  • Carpentry
  • Typing
  • Carpentry
  • Raking
  • Knitting

SYMPTOMS

Symptoms include pain and tiredness in the bony knob on the outside of your elbow .This knob is where the injured tendons connect to the bone. The pain may also radiate into the upper or lower arm. Although the damage is in the elbow you are likely to hurt when doing things with  your hands

Tennis elbow may cause the most pain when you

  • Lift something
  • Make a fist or grip an object such as a tennis racket
  • Open a door or shake hands
  • Raise your hand or straighten your wrist
  • Tennis elbow is similar to another condition called golfers elbow which affects  the tendons on the inside of elbow

TREATMENT

The good news about treatment is that usually tennis elbow will heal on its own. Types of treatment that help are

  • Icing the elbow to reduce pain and swelling.
  • Using an elbow strap to protect the injured tendon from further strain
  • Taking internal medicines
  • Performing range of motion exercises to reduce stiffness and increase flexibility
  • Getting physical therapy to strengthen and stretch the muscles

To get opinion from our network of hospitals visit www.mvtbooking.com or send email to query@gtsmeditour.com

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