Overview
Dysbiosis is an imbalance in the normal mix of tiny living things (microbes and bacteria) in your body, which usually happens in your gut. Our bodies are host to several distinct microbiomes — communities of microorganisms that live with us and assist us in various ways. A balanced microbiome is one where there’s a healthy variety of microorganisms, where no single bacteria, virus or fungus dominates.
Symptoms
Common symptoms include:
- bad breath (halitosis)
- upset stomach
- nausea
- constipation
- diarrhea
- difficulty urinating
- vaginal or rectal itching
- bloating
- chest pain
- rash or redness
- fatigue
- having trouble thinking or concentrating
- anxiety
- depression
Causes
Different things in your internal and external environment can affect your microbiomes, including:
- Antibiotics and antimicrobial agents.
- Other drugs and medications.
- Smoking and alcohol use.
- Environmental toxins.
- Physical and psychological stress.
- Chronic inflammation.
- Chronic diseases.
- Food choices.
Diagnosis and Tests
Healthcare providers can diagnose infections with various lab tests. They might take a sample of your blood, poop or urine (pee) or take a swab from your skin, mouth or genitals to test for infection or overgrowth. A pathologist examines the sample in the lab to make the diagnosis. For gut dysbiosis, sometimes a breath test is enough to tell providers about the types of bacteria dominating in your gut.
Treatment
Treatment for dysbiosis depends on the cause. If an underlying disease or condition causes it, you’ll need specific treatment for that condition. If environmental and lifestyle factors contribute to your dysbiosis, your healthcare provider will work with you to change these factors. Environmental and lifestyle changes can usually benefit anyone with dysbiosis, regardless of other causes involved.
If you have an infection or overgrowth, your healthcare provider might need to target it directly with antibiotics, antivirals or antifungals. These medications can diminish the infection or overgrowth, but they can also diminish the helpful types of microorganisms. Some microbiomes will bounce back after treatment, but others might need more follow-up care to help restore their healthy composition.
This might include:
- Probiotics.
- Targeted nutrition.
- In rare cases, fecal microbiota therapy.
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