The ankle-brachial index test is a quick, noninvasive way to check your risk of peripheral artery disease (PAD). Peripheral artery disease is a condition in which the arteries in your legs or arms are narrowed or blocked. People with peripheral artery disease are at a high risk of heart attack, stroke, poor circulation and leg pain.

The ankle-brachial index test compares your blood pressure measured at your ankle with your blood pressure measured at your arm. A low ankle-brachial index number can indicate narrowing or blockage of the arteries in your legs, leading to circulatory problems, heart disease or stroke. The ankle-brachial index test is sometimes recommended as part of a series of three tests, including the carotid ultrasound and abdominal ultrasound, to check for blocked or narrowed arteries.

The ankle-brachial index test is done to check for peripheral artery disease (PAD), a condition in which the arteries in your legs or arms are narrowed.

Ask your doctor if you should have this test if you are age 50 or older and have any of these risk factors for PAD:

Being a current or former smoker
Diabetes
Overweight (a body mass index of 25 or greater)
High blood pressure
High cholesterol

If you’ve already been diagnosed with PAD, your doctor may recommend having an ankle-brachial index test to see if your treatment is working or if your condition has worsened. If you have symptoms of PAD, your doctor may suggest you have an exercise ankle-brachial index test to determine if your symptoms are due to PAD or other conditions, such as spinal stenosis. In an exercise ankle-brachial index test, you walk on a treadmill for a short time before your ankle-brachial index is measured.
When the ankle-brachial index test is complete, your doctor calculates your ankle-brachial index by dividing the higher of the two blood pressure measurements at the arteries near your ankle by the higher of the two blood pressure measurements at your arms. Based on the number your doctor calculates, your ankle-brachial index may show you have:

No blockage (1.0 to 1.4). An ankle-brachial index number in this range suggests that you probably don’t have peripheral artery disease. But if you have certain risk factors, such as diabetes, smoking or a family history of PAD, tell your doctor so that he or she can continue to monitor your risk.
Borderline (0.9 to 0.99). If your ankle-brachial index number is less than 1.0, you may have some narrowing of the arteries in your leg. People with an ankle-brachial index of 0.9 or lower may have the beginnings of PAD. Your doctor may then monitor your condition more closely.
Mild blockage (0.8 to 0.89). An ankle-brachial index in this range shows you’re in the early stages of PAD. Your doctor may suggest medications or lifestyle changes to treat your condition.
Moderate blockage (0.5 to 0.79). An ankle-brachial index number in this range shows that you have more significant blockage of your ankle and leg arteries. You may have noticed some pain in your legs or buttocks when you exercise.
Severe blockage (less than 0.5). If your ankle-brachial index number is in this range, your leg arteries are significantly blocked and you may have pain in your legs even while resting. An ankle-brachial index of less than 0.4 suggests severe PAD.
Rigid arteries (more than 1.4). If your ankle-brachial index number is higher than 1.4, this may mean that your arteries are rigid and don’t compress when the blood pressure cuff is inflated. You may need an ultrasound test to check for peripheral artery disease instead of an ankle-brachial index test, or a toe-brachial index test, in which the blood pressures in your arm and big toe are compared.

The above numbers are based on guidelines Mayo Clinic uses. The guidelines suggested by the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology differ slightly. They suggest a normal ankle-brachial index ranges from 1.0 to 1.4, a borderline index ranges from 0.91 to 0.99, and an abnormal index is 0.9 or lower. If you have an exercise ankle-brachial index test, the ranges for results differ. Talk to your doctor about what your results mean.

Depending on the severity of your blockage, your doctor may recommend lifestyle changes, medications or surgery to treat PAD. Talk to your doctor about your options. You may also need additional imaging tests to see what treatment is best for you.

The test may not adequately measure the ankle-brachial index if you have severe diabetes or calcified arteries with significant blockage. Instead, your doctor may need to read your blood pressure at your big toe (toe-brachial index) to get an accurate test result if you have either of these conditions.

Article by;
Fortis Hospitals

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