Knee replacement surgery also known as knee arthroplasty can help relive pain and restore function  in  severely diseased knee joints. The procedure involves cutting away damaged bone and cartilage from your thigh bone , shin bone and knee cap and replacing it with an artificial joint( prosthesis) made of metal alloys high grade plastics and polymers

SIGNS OF NEEDING A KNEE REPLACEMENT

Knee replacement surgery is usually   necessary when the knee joint is worn out or damaged so that your mobility is reduced and you are  in pain even while resting . The most common reason for knee replacement surgery is osteoarthritis. Other health conditions that cause knee damage include rheumatoid arthritis

RISK FACTORS

• Infection
• Blood clots in the leg
• Heart attack
• Stroke
• Nerve damage

PROCEDURE

Before the procedure-

1. Your doctor will explain the procedure to you
2. Consent form is asked to sign
3. Physical examination is done
4. Complete medical history is asked
5. Notify your doctor if you have a history of bleeding disorder
6. You will be asked to fast for eight hours before procedure
7. You may receive a sedative prior to the surgery to help you relax

During the surgery-

Generally knee replacement surgery follows this process

1. You will be asked to remove clothing and will be given a gown to wear
2. An intravenous (IV) line may be started in your arm or hand
3. You will be positioned on the operating table
4. Urinary catheter may be inserted
5. Excessive hair at the surgical site may be clipped off
6. Skin over the  surgical site will be cleaned with an antiseptic solution
7. The doctor will make an incision in the knee area
8. The doctor will remove the damaged surfaces of the knee joint and resurface the knee joint with  the prosthesis . The prosthesis is made up of metal and plastic, A cemented prosthesis  attaches  to the bone with a porous surface onto which the bone grows to attach to the prosthesis. The prosthesis is generally comprised of 3 components-the tibial component, the femoral component and the patellar component
9. The incision will be closed with stitches or surgical staples
10. A sterile bandage or dressing will be applied

After the procedure-

In the hospital -after the surgery you will be taken to the recovery room for observation . Once your blood pressure , pulse and breathing are stable and you are alert you will be taken to your hospital room. Knee replacement  surgery usually requires as in hospital stay of several days

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