These days, many of us have jobs that require us to stare at computer screens for hours at a time. That can put a real strain on your eyes.Eye problems caused by computer use fall under the heading computer vision syndrome (CVS). It isn’t one specific problem. Instead, it includes a whole range of eye strain and pain. Research shows that between 50% and 90% of people who work at a computer screen have at least some symptoms.Working adults aren’t the only ones affected. Kids who stare at tablets or use computers during the day at school can have issues, too, especially if the lighting and their posture are less than ideal.

How Do Computers Affect Vision?

CVS is similar to carpal tunnel syndrome and other repetitive motion injuries you might get at work. It happens because your eyes follow the same path over and over. And it can get worse the longer you continue the movement.

When you work at a computer, your eyes have to focus and refocus all the time.  They move back and forth as you read. You may have to look down at papers and then back up to type. Your eyes react to changing images on the screen to create so your brain can process what you’re seeing. All these jobs require a lot of effort from your eye muscles. And to make things worse, unlike a book or piece of paper, the screen adds contrast, flicker, and glare.

You’re more likely to have problems if you already have eye trouble, if you need glasses but don’t have them, or if you wear the wrong prescription for computer use.

Computer work gets harder as you age and the lenses in your eyes becomes less flexible. Somewhere around age 40, your ability to focus on near and far objects will start to go away. Your eye doctor will call this condition presbyopia.

Symptoms:

There’s no proof that computer use causes any long-term damage to the eyes. But regular use can lead to eye strain and discomfort.

You may notice:

• Blurred vision
• Double vision
• Dry, red eyes
• Eye irritation
• Headaches
• Neck or back pain

If you don’t do anything about them, it could affect more than your eyes. You could also have issues with your work performance.

Treatments:

A few simple changes to your workspace can improve your symptoms and prevent new problems:

What is syncope?

Sometimes syncope may be just that – a fainting episode with no medical importance. On some occasions, however, it may be caused by a serious illness, condition or disorder. Every case of fainting should be treated as a medical emergency until the cause is known and signs and symptoms have been treated. Anybody who has recurring fainting episodes should contact their doctor.

If oxygen levels are below 16% at atmospheric pressure most people faint due to hypoxia. If oxygen levels fall below 11% individuals may die by suffocation. The amount of oxygen in the air depends on its partial pressure – inhaling pressurized gas while scuba diving which is below 16% oxygen does not cause hypoxia (because the air is pressurized).

Syncope due to hypoxia may also be caused by malfunctioning lungs, problems with blood circulation, or carbon monoxide poisoning. Some people faint at the sight of blood, or when receiving an injection or seeing somebody having one.

In Victorian England (19th Century) fainting in women was a commonplace stereotype, as well as modern portrayals of that period. Some believe that the respiratory effects of tight corsets worn at the time may have been a contributory factor. However, during Victorian times aristocratic women were encouraged to display a feminine frailty by fainting at dramatic moments.

Children sometimes play a game (fainting game) in which they deliberately restrict blood flow to the brain in order to trigger syncope – this is dangerous and may cause brain damage, and even death.

Near-syncope vs syncope

• Pre- or near-syncope (a pre- or near-syncoptic episode) – this is when the person can remember events during the loss of consciousness, such as dizziness, blurred vision, muscle weakness, as well as the fall before hitting their head and losing consciousness.
• Syncope (a syncoptic episode) – this is when the individual may remember the feelings of dizziness and loss of vision, but not the fall.

Symptoms of syncope

The hallmark sign is evident to anyone around – the patient passes out, faints, suddenly loses consciousness.

The following signs and symptoms may precede a fainting episode:

• A feeling of heaviness in the legs
• Blurred vision
• Confusion
• Feeling warm or hot
• Lightheadedness, dizziness, a floating feeling
• Nausea
• Sweating
• Vomiting
• Yawning.

When a person faints, the following signs may be evident:

• The individual may be falling over
• The patient may be slumping
• The person may be unusually pale
• There may be a drop in blood pressure
• There may be a weak pulse.

What to do if somebody feels faint

You feel faint:

• Don’t stay standing up. Find somewhere to either sit or lie down.
• If you manage to sit down place your head between your knees.
• When you do get up, do so slowly.

If you see somebody fainting:

• Place the patient on his/her back, facing up
• If the individual is breathing, raise their legs about 12 inches (30 centimeters) above heart level to restore blood flow to the brain
• Try to loosen all belts, ties, collars and restrictive clothing
• When the person comes round do not let them get up too quickly
• If they remain unconscious for more than about a minute, put the patient into the recovery position and get emergency medical help
• Check the patient’s airway for any obstruction and check for vomiting
• Check for breathing, coughing or movement (signs of circulation). If you cannot detect any, start CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation). Continue administering CPR until either help arrives or the patient starts breathing on his/her own
• If the individual was injured and is bleeding after the fall, apply direct pressure to control the bleeding.

Treating syncope

If the fainting is found to be caused by an underlying health condition, that will need to be treated, which should help prevent syncoptic episodes.

• Treating neurocardiogenic syncope – in the majority of cases no further treatment is needed. Avoid the triggers, such as long periods standing still, dehydration, and being in hot and stuffy places. This may help prevent future episodes.
• Injections and blood – if the sight or thought of injections or blood make a person feel faint, they should tell the doctor or nurse beforehand. The health care professional can then make sure the patient is in a safe position (lying down) before any procedure begins.
• Beta-blockers – this medication is primarily used for the treatment of high blood pressure (hypertension). However, it may help patients whose neurocardiogenic syncope interferes with their quality of life. The side effects of beta-blockers may include fatigue, cold extremities (hands and feet), slow heartbeat (pulse rate), nausea, and diarrhea. Although rare, the following side effects are also possible – erectile dysfunction(impotence, problems either getting or sustaining an erection), nightmares, and sleep disturbances.

Facial Rejuvenation

Facial rejuvenation refers to the combination of cosmetic procedures used to restore your facial features to their previous youthful appearance. While a facelift is often the anchor or foundation for many facial rejuvenations, other procedures can complement and enhance the result. Surgical procedures such as eyelid surgery, brow lift and facial implants can help correct specific problem areas on the face. Nonsurgical treatments including fillers, neurotoxins (botulinum toxins) and fat injections can be used for volume enhancement and wrinkle and fold eradication. Laser skin resurfacing or other light modalities can be utilized to improve skin texture and correct skin blemishes or age spots.

When to Consider Facial Rejuvenation

• If you want to reverse the signs of aging and restore a more youthful appearance
• If your face and neck are sagging, or if you are losing volume in your cheekbones and contour along your jawline
• If there are crow’s feet at the corners of your eyes, fine lines and folds around your mouth, and frown lines and furrows in your forehead
• If there is drooping skin and wrinkling changes in your upper eyelids, upper and lower eyelid bags, and dark circles under your eyes

 

How is a facial rejuvenation procedure performed?

Careful planning and sequencing of procedures is necessary for facial rejuvenation. Your aesthetic plastic surgeon will determine the best order of procedures in your particular case.

• If volume enhancement using fat transfer is desired for facial rejuvenation, it is typically performed first with fat grafting to deficient regions. The fat is harvested from other areas of the body and then transferred into the desired regions.
• Depending on the degree of skin laxity (looseness) in the face, either a limited incision (for minimal to moderate laxity) or a more extensive facelift is performed. Eyelid surgery, brow lift or facial implants can also be performed.
• For facelift, the skin flaps are lifted and trimmed or undermined as needed, then the flaps are moved to remove excess skin and secured with sutures.
• Once the incisions are closed, laser resurfacing can be used to improve the quality of the skin surface, erasing wrinkles around the mouth and the eyes, eliminating blotchy pigmentation, diminishing the appearance of bags under the eyes, and helping to reverse skin damage as result of sun exposure.

After healing from the surgical component of facial rejuvenation, additional refinements can be performed during follow-up office visits.

• Neurotoxins can be injected in the muscles of the forehead to smooth it, eradicate wrinkles, and provide a brow-lift effect.
• Fillers can be injected to erase the fine lines around the mouth, to add volume to the lips, and to fill the folds extending from the nose to the mouth.
• Fat can also be used at this point to add volume to the lips and to camouflage the deep line that runs from the corner of the lip to the jawline (often called the marionette lines).

Limitations and Risks

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

Carpal tunnel syndrome is numbness, tingling, weakness, and other problems in your hand because of pressure on the median nerve in your wrist.his is a common occurrence among IT professionals and sedentary workers who are working on laptops for long duration.

The median nerve and several tendons run from your forearm to your hand through a small space in your wrist called the carpal tunnel . The median nerve controls movement and feeling  in your thumb and first three fingers (not your little finger).

What causes carpal tunnel syndrome?

Pressure on the median nerve causes carpal tunnel syndrome. This pressure can come from swelling or anything that makes the carpal tunnel smaller. Many things can cause this swelling, including:

• Illnesses such as hypothyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes.
• Making the same hand movements over and over, especially if the wrist is bent down (your hands lower than your wrists), or making the same wrist movements over and over.
• Pregnancy.

What are the symptoms?

Carpal tunnel syndrome can cause tingling, numbness, weakness, or pain in the fingers or hand. Some people may have pain in their arm between their hand and their elbow.

Symptoms most often occur in the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and half of the ring finger. If you have problems with your other fingers but your little finger is fine, this may be a sign that you have carpal tunnel syndrome. A different nerve gives feeling to the little finger.

You may first notice symptoms at night. You may be able to get relief by shaking your hand.

How is it treated?

Mild symptoms usually can be treated with home care. You can:

• Stop activities that cause numbness and pain. Rest your wrist longer between activities.
• Ice your wrist for 10 to 15 minutes 1 or 2 times an hour.
• Try taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)to relieve pain and reduce swelling.
• Wear a wrist splint at night. This takes pressure off your median nerve.

The sooner you start treatment, the better your chances of stopping symptoms and preventing long-term damage to the nerve.

You also may need medicine for carpal tunnel syndrome or for a health problem that made you likely to get carpal tunnel syndrome.

Surgery is an option. But it’s usually used only when symptoms are so bad that you can’t work or do other things even after several weeks to months of other treatment.

How can you keep carpal tunnel syndrome from coming back?

To keep carpal tunnel syndrome from coming back, take care of your basic health. Stay at a healthy weight. Don’t smoke. Exercise to stay strong and flexible. If you have a long-term health problem, such as arthritis or diabetes, follow your doctor’s advice for keeping your condition under control.

You can also try to take good care of your wrists and hands:

• Try to keep your wrist in a neutral position.
• Use your whole hand-not just your fingers-to hold objects.
• When you type, keep your wrists straight, with your hands a little higher than your wrists. Relax your shoulders when your arms are at your sides.
• If you can, switch hands often when you repeat movements.

Dengue fever is transmitted by the bite of an Aedes mosquito infected with a dengue virus. The mosquito becomes infected when it bites a person with dengue virus in their blood. It can’t be spread directly from one person to another person.

Symptoms of Dengue Fever

Symptoms, which usually begin four to six days after infection and last for up to 10 days, may include

• Sudden, high fever
• Severe headaches
• Pain behind the eyes
• Severe joint and muscle pain
• Fatigue
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Skin rash, which appears two to five days after the onset of fever
• Mild bleeding (such a nose bleed, bleeding gums, or easy bruising)

Sometimes, symptoms are mild and can be mistaken for those of the flu or another viral infection. Younger children and people who have never had the infection before tend to have milder cases than older children and adults. However, serious problems can develop. These include dengue hemorrhagic fever, a rare complication characterized by high fever, damage to lymph and blood vessels, bleeding from the nose and gums, enlargement of the liver, and failure of the circulatory system. The symptoms may progress to massive bleeding, shock, and death. This is called dengue shock syndrome (DSS).

People with weakened immune systems as well as those with a second or subsequent dengue infection are believed to be at greater risk for developing dengue hemorrhagic fever.

Diagnosing Dengue Fever

Doctors can diagnose dengue infection with a blood test to check for the virus or antibodies to it. If you become sick after traveling to a tropical area, let your doctor know. This will allow your doctor to evaluate the possibility that your symptoms were caused by a dengue infection.

Treatment for Dengue Fever

There is no specific medicine to treat dengue infection. If you think you may have dengue fever, you should use pain relievers with acetaminophen and avoid medicines with aspirin, which could worsen bleeding. You should also rest, drink plenty of fluids, and see your doctor. If you start to feel worse in the first 24 hours after your fever goes down, you should get to a hospital immediately to be checked for complications.

Is Platelet count very important?

Contrary to the popular public opinion, platelet counts are not important for the child’s treatment. Platelet tends to decrease during infection and increase during recovery. Administering platelets doesn’t hasten recovery. However, rarely doctor might order platelets when there is visible bleeding.

It is not the drop in platelet count, but the drop in blood pressure which can be fatal.

It makes more sense to follow up marker of leakage called hematocrit rather than platelet count. Further level of platelet count doesn’t predict if the child is going to be sick. It is best to prevent paranoia around platelet count and running around blood banks for get platelets.

Preventing Dengue Fever

There is no vaccine to prevent dengue fever. The best way to prevent the disease is to prevent bites by infected mosquitoes, particularly if you are living in or traveling to a tropical area. This involves protecting yourself and making efforts to keep the mosquito population down. Eat some fruits like pomegranate, papaya, kiwi fruit etc for increasing blood platelet count.

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If your wound is severe, you may have to undergo debriding, which is the removal of dead tissue, prior to reconstructive surgery.

Once that is done, there are several types of wound treatments your plastic surgeon may suggest:

• Skin grafts. This is often used for burn patients; skin is removed from one area of the body and transplanted to another. There are two types of skin graft: split-thickness grafts in which just a few layers of outer skinare transplanted and full-thickness grafts, which involve all of the dermis. There is usually permanent scarring that is noticeable.During a skin graft, a special skin-cutting instrument known as a dermatone removes the skin from an area (the donor site) usually hidden by clothing such as the buttocks or inner thigh. Once removed, the graft is placed on the area in need of covering and held in place by a dressing and a few stitches. The donor site is also covered with a dressing to prevent infection from occurring. Recovery time from a split-thickness skin graft is generally fairly rapid, often less than three weeks. For full-thickness skin graft patients the recovery time is a few weeks longer. Aside from burn patients, skin grafts can also be used during breast or nose reconstruction.

• Microsurgery. Have you lost a finger, toe, ear, or even a lip? Microsurgery may allow for those to be re-attached. Simply stated, it is a procedure in which the surgeon uses a microscope for surgical assistance in reconstructive procedures. By using a microscope, the surgeon can actually sew tiny blood vessels or nerves, allowing him or her to repair damaged nerves and arteries. This may also be a method to relieve facial paralysis or reconstruct breasts. Microsurgery is frequently used with other surgical procedures such as the free flap procedure.

 

• Free flap procedure. A free flap procedure is often performed during breast reconstruction or following surgery to remove head or neck cancer. During the procedure, muscle, skin, or bone is transferred along with the original blood supply from one area of the body (donor site) to the surgical site in order to reconstruct the area. The procedure often involves the use of microsurgery. Healing of the surgical site can be slow and require frequent wound care. Total recovery may take six to eight weeks or longer.

 

• Tissue expansion. Tissue expansion is a medical procedure that enables your body to “grow” extra skin for use in reconstructive procedures. This is accomplished by inserting an instrument known as a “balloon expander” under the skin near the area in need of repair. Over time, this balloon will be gradually filled with saline solution (salt water), slowly causing the skin to stretch and grow, much the same way a woman’s skin stretches during pregnancy.Once enough extra skin has been grown, it is then used to correct or reconstruct a damaged body part. This procedure is especially common for breast reconstruction.Tissue expansion has many advantages in that the skin color and texture are a near perfect match for the area in which it is needed and there is little scarring since there is no removal of skin from one area to another. The major drawback to tissue expansion is the length of the procedure, which can be as long as four months. During this period, as the balloon expander grows, the bulge under the skin grows with it. This bulge may be desirable for a breast reconstruction patient; however, for patients undergoing this procedure for scalp repair, the bulge may be uncomfortably noticeable.

What Happens After Surgery for Wound Treatment?

For any surgery involving the removal and transplantation of skin, it is extremely important that you follow the general instructions and guidelines for the care of your wound once you are sent home.

Daily Activity After Cosmetic Surgery

Easy does it! Remember, your energy level will decrease when you return home after cosmetic surgerycompared to when you were in the hospital. Patients often report being more tired and easily fatigued when at home than while they were in the hospital. You may find it helpful to set up a regular routine, but remember to pace yourself. If you are tired, take time to rest. Do not overdo it.

Skin Changes After Cosmetic Surgery

Be patient with your healing after cosmetic surgery to repair burns or wounds! As you continue to heal, you will notice changes in the color, appearance, and feeling of your skin at the surgical site. You also may notice numbness, a tingling sensation, or minimal feeling around your incisions. This is normal. These sensations will continue to improve over the next few months.

Perfusion and Circulation After Cosmetic Surgery

After your cosmetic surgery, it is important to monitor perfusion (passage of fluid) and circulation of the wound site. Avoid wearing clothing that constricts or applies pressure around your wound. Also, your doctor may give you a additional instructions to help with circulation to the wound.

The following are signs indicating that there may be an infection at the surgical site. Notify your doctor right away if you experience any of the following symptoms:

• White pimples or blisters around incision lines.
• An increase in redness, tenderness, or swelling of the surgical site.
• Drainage from the incision line. Occasionally, a small amount of bloody or clear yellow-tinged fluid may drain. Notify your doctor if it persists or if it changes in consistency.
• A marked or sudden increase in pain not relieved by the pain medication.

You may experience some other, more general signs of infection that will require medical treatment. If you notice any of the following symptoms of infection, it is important that you call your health care provider as soon as possible.

• A persistent elevation of body temperature greater than 100.5 degrees Fahrenheit (Take your temperature daily, at the same time each day
• Sweats or chills
• Skin rash
• Sore or scratchy throat or pain when swallowing
• Sinus drainage, nasal congestion, headaches, or tenderness along the upper cheekbones
• Persistent, dry or moist cough that lasts more than two days
• White patches in your mouth or on your tongue
• Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.
• Trouble urinating: pain or burning, constant urge or frequent urination
• Bloody, cloudy, or foul-smelling urine

Contouring and highlighting are like chocolate syrup and vanilla ice cream: best together. First, let’s review these makeup techniques before getting into the mind-blowing contouring maps that follow.

Contouring is when you use a matte (read: not shimmery) powder, cream, or pencilproduct that’s two shades darker than your skin tone to shade areas you’d like to define or reshape, like your nose, forehead, chin, and cheekbones.

Highlighting (or strobing) offsets contouring by accentuating areas of your face with light concealer or highlighter. To properly highlight or strobe, use a concealer that’s two shades lighter than your skin tone or a highlighter that flatters your complexion to emphasize the areas of your face that naturally catch the light.

 

Figure out which contouring plan is right for you based on your face shape. Here’s a handy guide:

1. Diamond Face Shape

How to tell if your face is shaped like a diamond:

• Your hairline is more narrow than your cheeks.
• Your chin is slightly pointed.
• Your face is longer than it is wide.

Where you should contour:

• The area below your cheekbones starting from your ears and ending in the middle of your cheeks.

Where you should highlight:

• Under your eyes in an upside-down triangle shape and along your brow bone to brighten your eyes.
• In the middle of your forehead and the middle of your chin to help broaden these naturally narrow areas.

2. Heart Face Shape

How to tell if your face is shaped like a heart:

• Your cheeks are wider than your hairline.
• Your chin is narrow and pointed.
• A true heart-shaped face also has a widow’s peak.

Where you should contour:

• Along the sides of your forehead and temples to create balance between the wider upper half of your face and the more narrow lower half.
• The area below your cheekbones starting from your ears and ending in the middle of your cheeks.
• The small area right below your chin to soften the point.

Where you should highlight:

• Under your eyes in an upside-down triangle shape, which brightens your eyes.
• In the middle of your forehead and the middle of your chin to help broaden these naturally narrow areas.

3. Oblong Face Shape

How to tell if your face is oblong:

• Your face is almost twice as long as it is wide.
• You have no major points along your jaw, chin, or hairline.

Where you should contour:

• Along your hairline to create the illusion of a lower hairline.
• Under your chin to make your face appear a little rounder.
• The area below your cheekbones starting from your ears and ending in the middle of your cheeks.

Where you should highlight:

• Under your eyes in an upside-down triangle shape to brighten your eyes.

4. Oval Face Shape

How to tell if your face is shaped like an oval:

• Your face is 1.5 times longer than it is wide.
• You have no major points along your jaw, chin, or hairline.
• Your face resembles an upside-down egg.

Where you should contour:

• The sides of your forehead just slightly to make your hairline appear a little more narrow.
• The area below your cheekbones starting from your ears and ending in the middle of your cheeks.

Where you should highlight:

• In the middle of your forehead and the middle of your chin.
• Under your eyes and along your brow bone to brighten your eye area.

5. Rectangle Face Shape

How to tell if your face is shaped like a rectangle:

• The width of your hairline and jawline are about even.
• Your face is longer than it is wide.

Where you should contour:

• On the sides of your forehead to make your hairline appear more narrow.
• Along your hairline to create the illusion of a lower hairline.
• Under your jawbone to make your jawline appear more narrow.
• The area below your cheekbones starting from your ears and ending in the middle of your cheeks.

Where you should highlight:

• In the middle of your chin.
• Under your eyes and along your brow bone to brighten your eye area.

6. Round Face Shape

How to tell if your face is round:

• Your face is about as wide as it is long.
• You have no major points along your jaw, chin, or hairline.

Where you should contour:

• On the sides of your forehead and along your temples to make this wider area appear more narrow.
• The area below your cheekbones starting from your ears to in the middle of your cheeks, and then curving down to your jawline to lengthen your face.

Where you should highlight:

• In the middle of your forehead and the middle of your chin.
• Under your eyes in an upside-down triangle shape to brighten your eyes.

7.  Square Face Shape:

How to tell if your face is shaped like a square:

• Your face is about as long as it is wide.
• The width of your hairline and jawline are about even.

Where you should contour:

• On the sides of your forehead to make your hairline appear more narrow.
• Under your jawbone to make your jawline appear more narrow.
• The area below your cheekbones starting from your ears and ending in the middle of your cheeks.

Where you should highlight:

• In the middle of your forehead and the middle of your chin.
• Under your eyes and along your brow bone to brighten your eye area.