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Is hemiplegia permanent?

Aug 24, 2024 Posted by admin Neurology 0 comments

Overview

Hemiplegia (hemi = half; plegia = paralysis), as the name suggests, literally means paralysis of half of the body, is a type of paralysis of the muscles of the lower face, arm, and leg on one side of the body. hemiplegia is further classified as right or left hemiplegia. Hemiplegia is usually caused by brain damage localized to the cerebral hemisphere opposite the affected side. The most common cause of hemiplegia is stroke, other causes of hemiplegia include trauma eg. spinal cord injury; brain tumours; and brain infections. hemiplegia can be temporary or permanent. Some causes of hemiplegia are treatable or even reversible with immediate medical care.

Hemiplegia may appear soon after birth (i.e., up to approximately two years of life), where it is known as congenital hemiplegia, or hemiplegic cerebral palsy. On the other hand, acquired hemiplegia presents later in life as a result of injury or other pathology. People living with hemiplegia usually undergo a combination of rehabilitation therapy, which typically involves physical therapists, mental health professionals, and rehabilitation therapists.

A person with hemiplegia can experience up to full paralysis on one side of their body and may have trouble speaking or breathing.

IMPORTANT: Hemiplegia is a key sign of a stroke, which is a life-threatening medical emergency. To recognize the symptoms of a stroke, remember to think FAST:

F is for face. Ask the person to smile. Look for a droop on one or both sides of their face, which is a sign of paralysis (facial hemiplegia) or muscle weakness.
A is for arm. A person having a stroke often has muscle weakness or paralysis on one side. Ask them to raise their arms. If they have new one-sided weakness or paralysis, one arm will stay higher while the other will sag and drop downward, or won’t raise up at all.
S is for speech. Strokes often cause a person to lose their ability to speak. They might slur their speech or have trouble choosing the right words.
T is for time. Time is critical, so don’t wait to get help! If possible, look at your watch or a clock and remember when symptoms start. Telling a healthcare provider about when the symptoms started can help them know what treatment options are best.

Conditions that cause hemiplegia

There are dozens of conditions and circumstances that can cause hemiplegia. Some of the most common causes include:

Strokes or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs).
Aneurysms and hemorrhages inside of your brain.
Concussions and traumatic brain injuries (TBIs).
Spinal cord injuries.
Injuries you experience during birth or very early childhood, causing conditions like hemiplegic cerebral palsy.
Congenital conditions (which you have when you’re born) such as alternating hemiplegia of childhood.
Facial paralysis conditions like Bell’s palsy.
Seizures and epilepsy.
Bleeding in between your brain and its outer layers (subdural hematomas or subarachnoid hemorrhages) or between your skull and your brain’s outer membrane (epidural hematomas).
Brain tumors (including cancers).
Nervous system diseases, especially autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, such as multiple sclerosis or progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML).
Infections that affect your nervous system, like encephalitis, meningitis or Ramsay Hunt syndrome.
Migraine headaches (when these involve hemiplegia, they’re known as hemiplegic migraines).

Hemiplegia symptoms

Hemiplegia can affect either the left or right side of your body. Whichever side of your brain is affected causes symptoms on the opposite side of your body.

People can have different symptoms from hemiplegia depending on its severity. Symptoms can include:

muscle weakness or stiffness on one side
muscle spasticity or permanently contracted muscle
Loss of motor function
trouble walking
poor balance
trouble grabbing objects
speech associated trouble.

Children with hemiplegia may also take longer to reach developmental milestones than their peers. They may also use only one hand when playing or keep one hand in a fist.

If hemiplegia is caused by a brain injury, the brain damage can cause symptoms that aren’t specific to hemiplegia, such as:

memory problems
trouble concentrating
speech issues
behavior changes
seizures

Diagnosis

Hemiplegia is often diagnosed after reviewing the individual’s past medical history and performing a detailed neurological examination assessing sensory and motor functions.

Additional tests can be conducted in order to determine the underlying cause of hemiplegia. Blood tests, including a

Complete blood count (CBC)

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Coagulation tests (e.g., PT, aPTT) can help eliminate various underlying causes, such as infections or malignancies.

Imaging, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Computerized tomography (CT) scans of the head, are necessary in order to exclude most pathologies, including strokes, aneurysms, brain tumors, multiple sclerosis, and injuries.

Lastly, electroencephalography (EEG), which measures the electrical activity of the brain, can be used for diagnostic purposes (e.g., reveal the part(s) of the brain from which seizures originate).

Types of hemiplegia

The following are movement disorders that can cause hemiplegia symptoms.

Facial hemiplegia

People with facial hemiplegia experience paralyzed muscles on one side of their face. Facial hemiplegia may also be coupled with a slight hemiplegia elsewhere in the body.

Spinal hemiplegia

Spinal hemiplegia is also referred to as Brown-Sequard syndromeTrusted Source. It involves damage on one side of the spinal cord that results in paralysis on the same side of the body as the injury. It also causes loss of pain and temperature sensation on the opposite side of the body.

Contralateral hemiplegia

This refers to paralysis on the opposite side of the body that brain damage occurs in.

Spastic hemiplegia

This is a type of cerebral palsy that predominately affects one side of the body. The muscles on the affected side are constantly contracted or spastic.

Alternating hemiplegia of childhood

Alternating hemiplegia of childhood usually affects children younger than 18 months old. It causes recurring episodes of hemiplegia that affect one or both sides of the body.

Hemiplegia symptoms

Hemiplegia can affect either the left or right side of your body. Whichever side of your brain is affected causes symptoms on the opposite side of your body.

People can have different symptoms from hemiplegia depending on its severity. Symptoms can include:

muscle weakness or stiffness on one side
muscle spasticity or permanently contracted muscle
poor fine motor skills
trouble walking
poor balance
trouble grabbing objects

Children with hemiplegia may also take longer to reach developmental milestones than their peers. They may also use only one hand when playing or keep one hand in a fist.

If hemiplegia is caused by a brain injury, the brain damage can cause symptoms that aren’t specific to hemiplegia, such as:

memory problems
trouble concentrating
speech issues
behavior changes
seizures

Treatment

Treatment of hemiplegia involves a multidisciplinary approach. Healthcare professionals including physicians, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and psychologists must all contribute in order to assist affected individuals in regaining their functionality. Treatment typically aims at improving sensation and motor abilities so that individuals can perform their daily activities with as much independence as possible; as well as treating any underlying pathology causing the hemiplegia.

Physiotherapy

Working with a physiotherapist allows people with hemiplegia to develop their balance ability, build strength, and coordinate movement. A physiotherapist can also help stretch out tight and spastic muscles.

When hemiplegia isn’t temporary, healthcare providers often recommend rehabilitation in addition to other treatments. Rehabilitation can take place in a hospital (inpatient rehabilitation), clinic or office (outpatient rehabilitation), or at home. Rehabilitation generally includes:

Physical therapy: Focused on leg function, standing, walking and balance.
Occupational therapy: Focused on arm/hand function and other activities of daily life.
Prescription of equipment, to enhance safety and the ability to function inside and outside of your home.
Managing symptoms associated with hemiplegia, such as spasticity and depression.
Guidance and resources to address the consequences of hemiplegia, for example, returning to work or applying for disability benefits.

Modified constraint-induced movement therapy (MCIMT)

Modified constraint-induced movement therapy involves restraining the side of your body unaffected by hemiplegia. This treatment option forces your weaker side to compensate and aims to improve your muscle control and mobility.

One small studyTrusted Source published in 2018 concluded that including mCIMT in stroke rehabilitation may be more effective than traditional therapies alone.

Assistive devices

Some physical therapists may recommend the use of a brace, cane, wheelchair, or walker. Using an assistive deviceTrusted Source may help improve muscular control and mobility.

It’s a good idea to consult a healthcare professional to find which device is best for you. They may also recommend modifications you can make to your home such as raised toilet seats, ramps, and grab bars.

Mental imagery

Imagining moving the paralyzed half of your body may help activate the parts of the brain responsible for movement. Mental imagery is often paired with other therapies and is rarely used by itself.

One meta-analysis looking at the results of 23 studies found that mental imagery may be an effective treatment option for regaining strength when combined with physical therapy.

Electrical stimulation

A medical professional can help stimulate muscular movement by using electrical pads. The electricity allows muscles that you can’t move consciously to contract. Electrical stimulation aims to reduce imbalances in the affected side of the brain and improve brain plasticityTrusted Source

Hemiplegia is Preventive when you..

Pursue a healthy lifestyle (stop smoking, drink in moderation)
Eat a balanced diet
Attend scheduled check-up appointments
Avoid exposure to extremes of temperature
Try to avoid emotional stress
Avoid physical fatigue
Protect yourself against respiratory system infections

Conclusion

Hemiplegia is a severe paralysis on one side of your body caused by brain damage. It’s a non-progressive disorder and doesn’t get worse once it develops. With a proper treatment plan, it’s possible to improve the symptoms of hemiplegia.

If you’re living with hemiplegia, you can make the following changes to your lifestyle to aid your rehabilitation:

Stay active to the best of your ability.
Modify your home with assistive devices like ramps, grab bars, and handrails.
Wear flat and supportive shoes.
Follow your doctor’s recommendation for assistive devices.

Remember to think FAST

F is for face. Ask the person to smile. Look for a droop on one or both sides of their face, which is a sign of paralysis (facial hemiplegia) or muscle weakness.
A is for arm. A person having a stroke often has muscle weakness or paralysis on one side. Ask them to raise their arms. If they have new one-sided weakness or paralysis, one arm will stay higher while the other will sag and drop downward, or won’t raise up at all.
S is for speech. Strokes often cause a person to lose their ability to speak. They might slur their speech or have trouble choosing the right words.
T is for time. Time is critical, so don’t wait to get help! If possible, look at your watch or a clock and remember when symptoms start. Telling a healthcare provider about when the symptoms started can help them know what treatment options are best.

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Is hemiparesis a stroke ?

Aug 23, 2024 Posted by admin Neurology 0 comments

Overview

Hemiparesis is the medical term for weakness on one side of the body. It is an early sign of stroke and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). If you experience sudden hemiparesis in a limb or your face for an unknown reason, you should immediately go to the nearest emergency room (ER). Having this symptom unexpectedly can be an early sign of a stroke. You should also seek immediate medical help if you have any other signs of stroke, including balance issues, vision changes, face and arm drooping and speech difficulties. Hemiparesis is a common after-effect of stroke that causes weakness on one side of the body. This one-sided weakness can limit your movement and affect all basic activities, such as dressing, eating, and walking. People often confuse hemiparesis and hemiplegia. Both conditions occur as the result of a stroke.

Symptoms of hemiparesis

Common signs and symptoms of hemiparesis may include:

difficulty walking and standing
loss of balance and coordination
numbness or tingling on one side of the body
weakness in one arm or leg
weakness in one side of the face that causes drooping of an eyelid or corner of the mouth
numbness or weakness in the tongue that interferes with speech and swallowing
asymmetry in one side of the body (e.g. lifting both arms and having one of them not come all the way up)

Diagnosis

Blood Tests

Complete blood count. This includes a check for your level of platelets, which are cells that help clot blood. A lab will also measure electrolyte levels in your blood to see how well your kidneys are working.

Clotting time. A pair of tests called PT (prothrombin time) and PTT (partial thromboplastin time) can check how quickly your blood clots. If it takes too long, it could be a sign of bleeding problems.

Imaging Tests

Computerized tomography (CT). Your doctor takes several X-rays from different angles and puts them together to show if there’s any bleeding in your brain or damage to brain cells. They may put dye in your vein first to look for an aneurysm, a thin or weak spot on an artery.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This uses powerful magnets and radio waves to make a detailed picture of your brain. It’s sharper than a CT scan and can show injuries earlier than a traditional CT.

Carotid ultrasound. This uses sound waves to find fatty deposits that may have narrowed or blocked the arteries that carry blood to your brain.

Echocardiogram. Sometimes a clot forms in another part of the body (often the heart) and travels to the brain. This imaging test of the heart can look for clots in the heart or enlarged parts of the heart.

Angiograms of your head and neck. Your doctor will put dye in your blood so they can see your blood vessels with X-rays. This can help find a blockage or aneurysm.

Treatment for Hemiparesis?

Hemiparesis treatment may include medical and nonmedical techniques:

Electrical stimulation. As part of this method, small electrical pads are placed on the weak muscles of the side that has hemiparesis. An electrical charge is sent to the body that helps the muscles contract. Some of these machines can be used at home once you learn how to use them.
Cortical stimulation. This is a bit similar to electrical stimulation, except that the electric current is sent to the tough membrane covering the brain (called the dura). While your brain is subjected to this current, you have to do rehabilitation exercises.
mCIT. Modified, constraint-induced therapy is a treatment method that forces you into using the weak side of the body. With regular practice, nerve function may improve in the region. mCIT works well when used with other therapies.

Treating Right Sided hemiparesis

A physical therapist can recommend the appropriate device. Braces, canes, walkers and wheelchairs can increase strength and movement. An ankle-foot orthosis brace can help control your ankle and foot. Repeated practice and regular activity will help increase control and flexibility and re-establish nerve circuitry.

Possible complications or risks of not treating hemiparesis

The risks of not treating it can be high. In the worst cases, it can result in permanent brain damage, paralysis, loss of abilities or even death.

Conclusion/Takeover

A stroke happens when the flow of blood to part of your brain gets cut off. This means your brain can’t get oxygen, and without that, brain cells can be damaged in minutes. That’s why it’s important to get to the emergency room right away if you think you’re having a stroke. You might need a clot-busting drug within the first 3 hours.

The F-A-S-T test is an easy way to remember them:

Face: Smile. Does one side of your face sag?
Arms: Raise both and see if one droops.
Speech: Say a common phrase: Does it sound strange or slurred?
Time: Call Ambulance service right away if you notice any of these symptoms. Note what time they started.

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Blepharoplasty

Aug 15, 2024 Posted by admin Ophthalmology, Plastic surgery 0 comments

Overview

The eye is an important component of facial aesthetics, blepharoplasty often means removing excess skin, muscle and underlying fatty tissue. Blepharoplasty play a vital positive role in facial harmony and the perception of aging. Blepharoplasty is one of the most commonly performed facial cosmetic procedures. Symptoms such as tired-looking eyes, excess skin, droopy eyelids, or circles around the eyes may benefit from blepharoplasty. You might be a good candidate for this procedure if your vision is affected by sagging skin. Some people may complain that their vision when looking upwards is blocked by the hanging skin.

people who have blepharoplasty say they feel more self-confident and feel they look younger and more rested. For some people, surgery results may last a lifetime. For others, droopy eyelids can recur. Bruising and swelling generally lessen slowly in about 10 to 14 days. Scars from the surgical cuts may take months to fade.

Causes

Blepharoplasty might be an ideal option for:

Baggy or droopy upper eyelids
Excess skin of the upper eyelids that partially blocks peripheral vision
Excess skin on the lower eyelids
Bags under the eyes

Blepharoplasty can be done at the same time as another procedure, such as a brow lift, face-lift or skin resurfacing.

Symptoms

Patient with below symptoms may require blepharoplasty

Tired-looking eyes
Excess skin
Droopy eyelids
Circles around the eyes

Risks involved

All surgery has risks, including reaction to anesthesia and blood clots. Besides those, rare risks of eyelid surgery include:

Infection and bleeding
Dry, irritated eyes
Difficulty closing the eyes or other eyelid problems
Noticeable scarring
Injury to eye muscles
Skin discoloration
Temporarily blurred vision or, rarely, loss of eyesight
The need for follow-up surgery.

Treatment

Depending on your goals and the recommendation of your surgeon, blepharoplasty can involve your upper eyelids, lower eyelids or both.

Upper blepharoplasty

During an upper blepharoplasty, your surgeon will make cuts (incisions) in the natural crease of your upper eyelid. These incisions will be hidden when your eyes are open. Your surgeon will remove excess skin and protruding fat, and then they’ll close the incisions.

Lower blepharoplasty

During a lower blepharoplasty, your surgeon will make an incision just below your lower eyelash line. They’ll remove excess skin in your lower eyelid through this incision. They may also use an incision hidden inside your lower eyelid (transconjunctival incision) to correct lower eyelid issues and redistribute or remove excess fat.

There will be a stitch in each of your upper lids that’ll remain for about a week. The lower lids don’t require stitches if the incisions are made on the inside of your lids. It’s common for swelling and bruising to occur in your upper and lower lids. Expect to stay home from work and limit your activities for several days after surgery to allow your eyelids to heal.

Although the surgery is typically painless, you may have some swelling and bruising. Most people feel comfortable going out in public after 10 to 14 days. But it can take a few months to heal completely.

Recovery

During your blepharoplasty recovery, you can use cold compresses and antibiotic ointment to ease any swelling. Your surgeon will give you specific instructions that may include:

How to care for your eyes.
Medications to aid healing and reduce the potential for infection.
Specific concerns to look for at the surgical site.
When to follow up with your surgeon.

Some people experience dry eyes after surgery, but the condition rarely lasts more than two weeks. If you have dry eyes for more than two weeks, contact your healthcare provider.

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Foot drop syndrome

Aug 9, 2024 Posted by admin Neurology 0 comments

Overview

Foot drop also known as drop foot, is a general term for difficulty lifting the front part of the foot. If you have foot drop, the front of your foot might drag on the ground when you walk. Foot drop can be unilateral (affecting one foot) or bilateral (affecting both feet)at the same time. It can strike at any age. In general, foot drop stems from weakness or paralysis of the muscles that lift the foot. Sometimes foot drop is temporary, but it can be permanent. If you have foot drop, Fortunately, there are several treatment options, which may include a combination of orthotics, physical therapy, and surgical procedures. However, it’s important to seek early treatment to improve the chances of recovery.

Causes

multiple sclerosis
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), commonly known as Lou Gehrig’s disease
muscular dystrophy
spinal muscular atrophy
stroke
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), a neurological disorder
Parkinson’s disease
poliomyelitis, also known as polio

Foot drop can also be caused by injuries to the nerves that control the muscles that lift the foot. The affected nerves may be in the knee or in the lower spine.

Other causes include hip or knee replacement surgery and diabetes. Nerve damage in the eye, which can result in pain when moving the eye or even vision loss, can also cause difficulties with walking.

Other causes of foot drop include nerve compression or a herniated disc.

Symptoms

decreased muscle mass
frequent trips or falls
limpness of the foot
loss of sensation in the leg or foot
changes in gait, such as raising your leg higher or swinging your leg to the side when walking

Risk factors

The peroneal nerve controls the muscles that lift the foot. This nerve runs near the surface of the skin on the side of the knee closest to the hand. Activities that compress this nerve can increase the risk of foot drop. Examples include:

Leg crossing. People who habitually cross their legs can compress the peroneal nerve on their uppermost leg.
Prolonged kneeling. Occupations that involve prolonged squatting or kneeling — such as picking strawberries or laying floor tile — can result in foot drop.
Wearing a leg cast. Plaster casts that enclose the ankle and end just below the knee can exert pressure on the peroneal nerve.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the specific cause of foot drop. The most common treatment is to support the foot with lightweight leg braces and shoe inserts, called ankle-foot orthotics. Exercise therapy to strengthen the muscles and maintain joint motion also helps to improve gait. Devices that electrically stimulate the peroneal nerve during footfall are appropriate for a small number of individuals with foot drop. In cases with permanent loss of movement, surgery that fuses the foot and ankle joint or that transfers tendons from stronger leg muscles is occasionally performed.

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Pressure sores

Jul 28, 2024 Posted by admin Plastic surgery 0 comments

Overview

You may know pressure sores by their more common name i.e, bedsores, pressure ulcers and decubitus (‘lying down’) ulcers. Bedsores can arise over hours or days. Pressure sores are areas of damage to the skin and the underlying tissue caused by constant pressure or friction. This type of skin damage can develop quickly to anyone with reduced mobility, such as older people or those confined to a bed or chair.

It affects the skin over bony areas such as the heels, elbows, the back of the head and the tailbone (coccyx) is particularly at risk. The lack of enough blood flow can cause the affected tissue to die if left untreated. Pressure sores can be difficult to treat and can lead to serious complications. Pressure sores are graded to four levels, If found early, there’s a good chance these sores will heal in a few days, with little fuss or pain. Without treatment, they can get worse. Most sores heal with treatment, but some never heal completely. You can take steps to put a stop to bedsores and help them heal.

Warning signs of pressure sores

Daily checks are needed to look for early warning signs including:

red, purple or blue torn or swollen skin, especially over bony areas
signs of infection, such as skin warmth, swelling, cracks, calluses, and wrinkles.

Pressure Sores Diagnosis

When did the sore appear?
Does it hurt?
How often do you change positions?
Have you ever had a pressure sore before?

Pressure Sores Stages/Grades and their Symptoms

There are four stages of pressure sores from mild to severe:

Stage I

This is the mildest stage. These pressure sores only affect the upper layer of your skin.

Symptoms: Pain, burning, or itching are common symptoms. The spot may also feel different from the surrounding skin: firmer or softer, warmer or cooler.

You may notice a red area on your skin. If you have darker skin, the discolored area may be harder to see. The spot doesn’t get lighter when you press on it or even 10-30 minutes after you stop pressing. This means less blood is getting to the area.

Stage II

This happens when the sore digs deeper below the surface of your skin.

Symptoms: Your skin is broken, has an open wound, or looks like a pus-filled blister. The skin around it may be discolored.

The area is swollen, warm, and/or red. The sore may ooze clear fluid or pus. And it’s painful.

Stage III

These sores have gone through the second layer of skin into the fat tissue.

Symptoms: The sore looks like a crater and may have a bad odor. It may show signs of infection: red edges, pus, odor, heat, and/or drainage. The tissue in or around the sore is black if it has died.

Stage IV

These sores are the most serious. Some may even go so deep they affect your muscles, ligaments, and bones.

Symptoms: The sore is deep and big. Skin has turned black and shows signs of infection—red edges, pus, odor, heat, and/or drainage. You may be able to see tendons, muscles, and bone.

Other stages

In addition to the four main stages for bed sores, there are two others:

Unstageable is when you can’t see the bottom of the sore because it’s covered in a layer of dead skin. Your doctor can only stage it once it’s cleaned out.

Suspected deep tissue injury is when the surface of the skin looks like a stage I or II sore, but underneath the surface, it’s a stage III or IV sore.

Risk factors for pressure sores

A pressure sore is caused by constant pressure applied to the skin over a period of time. The skin of older people tends to be thinner and more delicate, which means an older person has an increased risk of developing a pressure sore during a prolonged stay in bed.

Other risk factors for pressure sores include:

immobility and paralysis – for example due to a stroke or a severe head injury
being restricted to either sitting or lying down
impaired sensation or impaired ability to respond to pain or discomfort. For example, people with diabetes who experience nerve damage are at increased risk of pressure sores
urinary and faecal incontinence – skin exposed to urine or faeces is more susceptible to irritation and damage
malnutrition – can lead to skin thinning and poor blood supply, meaning that skin is more fragile
obesity – being overweight in combination with, for example, immobility or being restricted to sitting or lying down can place extra pressure on capillaries. This then reduces blood flow to the skin
circulation disorders – leading to reduced blood flow to the skin in some areas
smoking – reduces blood flow to the skin and, in combination with reduced mobility, can lead to pressure sores. The healing of pressure sores is also a slower process for people who smoke.

If you use a wheelchair you’re most likely to develop a pressure sore on the parts of the body where they rest against the chair. These may include the tailbone or buttocks, shoulder blades, spine and the backs of arms or legs.

If you’re bedridden, pressure sores can occur in a number of areas, including:

back or sides of the head
rims of the ears
shoulders or shoulder blades
hipbones
lower back or tailbone
backs or sides of the knees
heels, ankles and toes.

Treatment for pressure sores

There are a variety of treatments available to manage pressure sores and promote healing, depending on the severity of the pressure sore. These include:

regular position changes
special mattresses and beds that reduce pressure
being aware of the importance of maintaining healthy diet and nutrition
dressings to keep the sore moist and the surrounding skin dry. There is no advantage of one type of dressing over another.
saline gauze dressing may be used if ointments or other dressings (for example foam dressings) are unavailable.
light packing of any empty skin spaces with dressings to help prevent infection
regular cleaning with appropriate solutions, depending on the stage of the sore
there is no advantage of one particular type of antiseptic (e.g. iodine) or antibiotic treatment over another
specific drugs and chemicals applied to the area, if an infection persists
surgery to remove the damaged tissue that involves thorough debridement of the wound, the removal of underlying or exposed bone, and filling the empty space
operations to close the wound, using skin grafts if necessary
continuing supportive lifestyle habits such as eating a healthy and nutritious diet, as suggested by the nutritional staff.

Preventing pressure sores

If you are confined to a bed or chair for any period of time, it’s important to be aware of the risk of pressure sores. To prevent skin damage, you or your carer need to relieve the pressure, reduce the time that pressure is applied and improve skin quality. Pressure offloading surfaces such as mattresses and wheelchair cushions may help in providing pressure relief by evenly distributing the pressure.

Pressure injury monitoring devices that measure the skin moisture content, body motion and the pressure in-between may be used to prevent pressure sores and injuries. An example of a devices is pressure-sensing mats placed on beds or wheelchairs.

Develop a plan that your, your carer and any other caregivers can follow. This plan will include position changes, supportive devices, daily skin care, a nutritious diet and lifestyle changes.

A routine nursing assessment may be required if you’re at high risk of pressure sores. As visual skin assessment may sometimes be unreliable, early detection of pressure sores using some bedside technologies may help facilitate preventive interventions.

Pressure from medical devices such as oxygen tubing, catheters, cervical collars, casts and restraints should be minimised or removed.

Position changes to prevent pressure sores

If you use a wheelchair shift position within your chair about every 15 minutes. If you spend most of their time in bed change position at least once every two hours, even during the night and avoid lying directly on your hipbones.

Pillows may be used as soft buffers between your skin and the bed or chair. The head-of-bed elevation should be maintained at/or below 30 degrees. Or depending on the your medical condition, the bed should at least be elevated to the lowest degree to prevent injury. When lying on your side, a 30 degrees position should be used.

Daily skin care to prevent pressure sores

Ways to prevent pressure injuries include:

Checking the skin at least daily for redness or signs of discolouration.
Keeping the skin at the right moisture level, as damage is more likely to occur if skin is either too dry or too moist.
Using moisturising products to keep skin supple and prevent dryness.
Never massaging bony areas because the skin is too delicate.

Diet and lifestyle changes to avoid pressure sores

Changes to avoid pressure sores include:

Make sure you eat a healthy and nutritious diet. This includes a balanced diet (proteins, fats and carbohydrates) and fluids/water. And if necessary,you’re your doctor about vitamin and nutritional supplements (e.g. zinc, antioxidants).
Low body weight or being overweight can cause pressure sores, so make sure you maintain heathy body weight
If you’re malnourished or at risk of malnutrition, protein, fluid and energy intake should be increased.
Be aware of using good hygiene practices.
Maintain activity levels, where appropriate.
Make sure you quit smoking.

Tips for skin care

Consider these suggestions for skin care:

Keep skin clean and dry. Wash the skin with a gentle cleanser and pat dry. Do this cleansing routine regularly to limit the skin’s exposure to moisture, urine and stool.
Protect the skin. Use moisture barrier creams to protect the skin from urine and stool. Change bedding and clothing frequently if needed. Watch for buttons on the clothing and wrinkles in the bedding that can irritate your skin.
Inspect the skin daily. Look closely at your skin daily for warning signs of a bedsore.

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Facial Palsy

Jul 22, 2024 Posted by admin Cosmetic Surgeries 0 comments

Overview

Facial palsy is a condition in which the muscles in your face become weakened or paralyzed due to injury or disease. It usually affects one side of your face, causing it to droop or suddenly become stiff. resulting from some kind of trauma to the seventh cranial nerve, which controls your facial muscles. it causes difficulty in blinking, smiling, eating, drinking and speaking. Facial palsy can happen to anyone, it mostly affects people aged 15-60 years. It affects men and women equally. These patients often face psychological and social challenges and being treated as unfriendly and uninterested due to their appearance which can lead to chronic anxiety, isolation, least interested in daily activities, fear of negative reaction etc…There are definitive treatments available for facial palsy, depending on the duration of the disease. facial palsy treatment requires multi disciplinary approach like – plastic surgeon, ophthalmologist, oculoplastic surgeon, physiotherapist, speech therapist and clinical psychologist. Treatment always depends on several factors with most important being the time since the injury ha s occurred, if it has been 6months to a year old injury simple operations like nerve repair and nerve transfer are appropriate treatments yielding good results otherwise, it may require multiple treatments with physiotherapy as a crucial aspect of treatment.

Facial palsy vs stroke

If you have symptoms of facial palsy, you might be afraid you’re having a stroke. Both can cause single-sided facial paralysis and have similar symptoms, such as trouble closing your eye or drooping on one side of your face. But there are significant differences.

For example, if the eye on your paralyzed side is watering or you have sensitive hearing or ringing in your ear, it’s likely Bell’s palsy. Changes in your sense of taste are also signs of Bell’s palsy.

But if you feel numbness or weakness in your arms or legs on one side of your body, it could be a stroke. With Facial palsy, you shouldn’t feel weak or have trouble moving your tongue.

Whatever symptoms you’re having, if you suddenly have trouble moving one side of your face, get medical attention right away.

Causes

Although the exact reason facial /Bell’s palsy occurs isn’t clear, it’s often related to having a viral infection. Viruses that have been linked to Facial/Bell’s palsy include viruses that cause:

Cold sores and genital herpes, also known as herpes simplex.
Chickenpox and shingles, also known as herpes zoster.
Infectious mononucleosis, caused by the Epstein-Barr virus.
Cytomegalovirus infections.
Respiratory illnesses, caused by adenoviruses.
German measles, also known as rubella.
Mumps, caused by the mumps virus.
Flu, also known as influenza B.
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease, caused by a coxsackievirus.

Symptoms

The onset of your symptoms may be sudden or may appear over two or three days. Alternatively your symptoms may develop slowly over time (over weeks, or even months).

Mild weakness to total paralysis on one side of the face — occurring within hours to days.
Facial droop and trouble making facial expressions, such as closing an eye or smiling.
Drooling.
Pain around the jaw or pain in or behind the ear on the affected side.
Increased sensitivity to sound on the affected side.
Headache.
Loss of taste.
Changes in the amount of tears and saliva produced.

Diagnosis

There’s no specific test for Bell’s palsy. Your healthcare professional looks at your face and asks you to move your facial muscles. You’re asked to close your eyes, lift your brow, show your teeth and frown, among making other movements.

Other conditions — such as a stroke, infections, Lyme disease, inflammatory conditions and tumors — can cause facial muscle weakness that mimics Bell’s palsy. If the cause of your symptoms isn’t clear, your healthcare professional may recommend other tests, including:

Electromyography (EMG).
Imaging Scans (MRI, CT scan)
Blood tests

Treatment

If you have Facial palsy, you’re likely to make a full recovery even if you don’t get treatment. But there are some things that may help you heal faster.

Corticosteroids (such as prednisone). These can help ease swelling of your facial nerve and help it start working normally faster. Corticosteroids work best if you take them soon after the start of your symptoms.
Antiviral drugs. Antiviral medications are sometimes prescribed in combination with corticosteroids, typically in severe cases of Facial palsy. They don’t seem to have much effect when they’re taken alone.
Eye drops. If your Facial palsy affects your ability to blink and close your eye, use eye drops or an ointment to keep it moist. Wear an eye patch to keep dirt and dust out and moisture in.
Surgery. Surgery is usually a last resort if your symptoms don’t go away, or if you have complications.

Facial palsy therapy

Physiotherapy may help strengthen your facial muscles and help you get back facial coordination. You can also try massaging your face with your fingertips or exercising your facial muscles. Try to move every part of your face gently and slowly, using your fingers to help.

Conclusion

Most people with Facial palsy completely recover, sometimes the symptoms are permanent. and you may have long-term effects, such as – lopsided face, crooked smile, tightness of facial or neck muscle, narrowed eye etc.. But it’s not serious and usually clears up with early and appropriate treatments in a few months.

So, we GTS is always available 24/7 at your service to assist and guide you with the right speciality of doctors and everything in case you or your loved ones unfortunately encounter any type major disease which may require therapies and surgery.

You can connect us at query@gtsmeditour.com or WhatsApp us on +91 9880149003 for an free second opinion from major hospitals like Apollo hospitals, Manipal Hospitals, Aster Hospitals.

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Septoplasty

Jul 17, 2024 Posted by admin Cosmetic Surgeries 0 comments

Overview

Some people are born with a deviated septum, but it can also be caused by an injury to your nose. Most people with a deviated septum have one nasal passage that’s much smaller than the other. This can cause difficulty breathing. Other symptoms of a deviated septum may include frequent nosebleeds and facial pain. Surgery is the only way to fix a deviated septum(i.e, septoplasty)

Septoplasty is a minor, low-risk procedure inside your nose to straighten a deviated septum. It is generally performed to improve quality of life. Recovery usually takes a few days and requires an average of a week of downtime. But, as with any surgery, septoplasty carries some risks, including bleeding, infection and numbness.

Causes

The main reasons for this surgery are:

To repair a crooked, bent, or deformed nasal septum that blocks the airway in the nose. People with this condition very often breathe through their mouth and may be more likely to get nasal or sinus infections.
To treat nosebleeds that cannot be controlled.
To help alleviate snoring resulting from a nasal blockage.

Potential risks of a septoplasty

bleeding
scarring
perforation of your septum, which happens when a hole forms in your septum
an altered nose shape
a discoloration of your nose
a decreased sense of smell

Excessive bleeding and infection are possible risks of any surgery. Keeping your nose clean and washing your hands frequently can reduce these risks.

Benefits

Septoplasty can improve airflow through your nasal passages. This can result in a number of benefits. For example, septoplasty:

Treats breathing problems caused by a deviated septum, nasal polyps or other similar conditions.
Can reduce or eliminate snoring, giving you a better night’s rest.
Allows your sinuses to drain better, resulting in fewer sinus infections.

Conclusion

Septoplasty is a minor surgery that offers major benefits for many people. It can open your nasal passages and improve your breathing. The wound on your nose will heal fairly quickly, However, the overall healing process can be slow. Cartilage and other nasal tissues can take up to a year to fully settle into their new shape.Most people experience no ongoing symptoms after the surgery. In some cases, however, the cartilage and nasal tissues continue to shift over time and eventually block airflow through the nose again. This means that a second surgery will be needed to reshape the nose and septum further.

further if your loved ones or anybody in your family or friends circle suffering from deviation septum or breathing difficulty, you can email us your queries at query@gtsmeditour.com or WhatsApp us on +91 9880149003

Rhinoplasty

Jul 14, 2024 Posted by admin Cosmetic Surgeries 0 comments

Overview

Rhinoplasty is the medical name for surgical procedures that some people call a “nose job,” “nose reshaping” or “nasal surgery.” It involves the surgical reconstruction and shaping of the bone and cartilage to enhance the appearance or function of the nose. The nose is the most defining characteristic of the face, and even a slight alteration in its size or shape can greatly change a person’s appearance. Many surgeons prefer to perform cosmetic nose surgery after the nasal bone has finished growing. This is around age 14 or 15 for girls and a bit later for boys. Post surgery swelling of the nose may persist for several weeks. It takes a year or more for all the swelling in the nose to resolve, but most patients see improvement in their appearance within a few weeks. however in few cases there is revision surgery required in fail rhinoplasty.

Causes for Rhinoplasty

Patients born with a defect that affects the development of the nose often benefit from rhinoplasty. These defects include:

cleft lip
craniosynostosis
frontonasal dysplasia
Tessier clefts
Treacher Collins syndrome
Apert syndrome
Hemangiomas
vascular malformations

What rhinoplasty can treat

Nose size in relation to facial balance
Nose width at the bridge or in the size and position of the nostrils
Nose profile with visible humps or depressions on the bridge
Nasal tip that is enlarged or bulbous, drooping, upturned or hooked
Nostrils that are large, wide or upturned
Nasal asymmetry

Risks involved

Risks for anesthesia and surgery in general are:

Reactions to medicines, problems breathing
Bleeding, infection, or bruising

Risks for this procedure include:

Loss of supThe tip of the nose may have some swelling and numbness for several months but will improve with time.port of the nose
Contour deformities of the nose
Worsening of breathing through the nose
Need for further surgery

Conclusion

People desire rhinoplasty surgery for different reasons. Some have trouble breathing through the nose. Others have had traumatic injury to the face and wish to correct the resulting asymmetry. Many rhinoplasty patients simply want to improve their appearance by altering the size or shape of the nose to make it more harmonious with their features. Rhinoplasty can be good if performed by an experienced practitioner. As in all plastic surgery procedures, there can be some unpredictability, and biologic systems can heal in different ways. however healing is a slow and gradual process.

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If you wish to have your nose job done under our guidance or any kind of medical assistance well.. you can email us at query@gtsmeditor.com or whatsapp us anytime on +91 9880149003

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Breast Augmentation

Jul 11, 2024 Posted by admin Cosmetic Surgeries 0 comments

Overview

Breast augmentation Augmentation mammoplasty is a cosmetic surgery technique using breast-implants and fat-graft mammoplasty techniques to increase the size, change the shape, and alter the texture of the breasts. Although in some cases augmentation mammoplasty is applied to correct congenital defects of the breasts and the chest wall. whereas in some cases it is used purely as a cosmetic surgery and post mastectomy for breast cancer. primary breast augmentation changes the aesthetics – of size, shape, texture and fullness of breast. In some cases breast augmentation is a way to feel more confident. For others, it’s part of rebuilding the breast for various conditions.

Breast implants cost depends on the location, doctor, and type of implant used. Typically, the surgery ranges from $5,000 to $10,000/- tentatively. Because it is a cosmetic procedure and these Implants last from 7 to 12 years on an average. If you’re considering breast augmentation, talk to a plastic surgeon. Make sure you understand what surgery involves, including possible risks, complications and follow-up care.

Reason for Augmentation Mammoplasty

It enhances your appearance if you think your breasts are small or that one is smaller than the other and this impacts how you dress or the type of bra needed to help with the asymmetry
It adjusts for a reduction in the size of your breasts after pregnancy or significant weight loss
It Corrects your uneven breasts after breast surgery for other conditions
It Improves your self-confidence
Reconstructive breast surgery may be done as a part of the treatment for breast cancer. Cosmetic breast surgery is done for esthetic purposes.

Surgical breast augmentation

There are four types of implant:

Saline implants filled with sterile saline solution- the saline breast implant, filled with saline solution. The technical goal of saline-implant technique was a less-invasive surgical technique, by inserting an empty, rolled-up breast implant through a smaller surgical incision. the plastic surgeon would then fill each device with saline solution through a one-way valve and, because the required insertion incisions were short and small, the resultant incision scars would be smaller and shorter than the surgical scars typical of the pre-filled, silicone-gel implant surgical technique.
Silicone implants filled with viscous silicone gel-Silicone gel-filled implants are silicone shells filled with a plastic gel (silicone). Although many women say that silicone gel implants feel more like real breasts than saline, they pose more of a risk if they leak.
Alternative-composition implants (no longer manufactured), filled with various fillers such as soy oil or polypropylene string.
“Structured” implants using nested elastomer silicone shells with saline between the shells – Structured implants were approved by the FDA and Health Canada in 2014 as a fourth category of breast implant. These implants incorporate both saline and silicone gel implant technology. The filler is saline solution, in case of rupture, and has a natural feel, like silicone gel implants.his implant type uses an internal structure consisting of three nested silicone rubber “shells” that support the upper half of the breast, with the two spaces between the three shells filled with saline. The implant is inserted, empty, then filled once in place, which requires a smaller incision than a pre-filled implant.

Risks

Breast augmentation poses various risks involved such as follows:

Infection
Scar tissue that distorts the shape of the breast implant (capsular contracture)
Breast pain
Changes in nipple and breast sensation
Implant position changes
Implant leakage or rupture

Correcting these complications might require more surgery, to either remove or replace the implants.

Conclusion

Breast augmentation is a way to feel more confident but, breast implants are not designed to last a lifetime. You may need to have the implants replaced if you have complications or if the size and shape of your breasts change over time.

Women who have silicone gel-filled implants need to get regular mammogram screenings yearly plus an MRI or ultrasound scan five to six years after the initial implant surgery and every two to three years after that to check for silent rupture. If you have symptoms at any time or uncertain ultrasound results for breast implant rupture, an MRI is recommended If your implants rupture, you will need to have them removed or replaced.

We at GTS meditourism India assist the patients from various countries to get the right second opinion, diagnosis and treatment plan so that they can plan their visit abroad and post confirmation also we assist the patient and their attenders get all the necessary arrangement suuport inregardss to the medical visa ,accomodation, best hospital guidance, post surgery follow ups and medications supply etc..

For further enquiry please email us at Query@gtsmeditour.com or whatsapp us anytime on +91 9880149003

Magical Benefits of Indian Blackberry / Jamun Fruit

Jul 6, 2024 Posted by admin Health & Nutrition 0 comments

Overview

This small, purple fruit, also known as Java Plum, packs a punch of flavours and health perks. This fruit has been prized in old medical systems like Ayurveda for ages for offering amazing healing perks as believed. In this blog, we’ll explore the many proposed health benefits that jamun/java plum brings including blood sugar control and boosting your immune system. From culinary delights to potential well-being boosters, Jamun is a remarkable addition to the realm of fruits.

Jamun aka Javaplum is a delicious and vibrant fruit celebrated for its distinctive purple hue and sweet-tart taste. Scientifically termed Syzygium cumini, Jamun belongs to the Syzygium family. Belonging to the Indian subcontinent, it flourishes in tropical climates.

The fruit features smooth, shiny skin and juicy, dark purple flesh surrounding a large seed. Its flavour is a delightful sweetness and slight acidity, making it a popular choice in various culinary creations.

Besides its delectable taste, Jamun is valued for its potential health benefits. It is believed to contribute to well-being and contains antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals. The fruit is also known for its role in traditional medicine systems.

Whether enjoyed fresh, juiced, or incorporated into jams and desserts, Jamun stands out for its enticing taste and the nutritional goodness it brings to the table.

Health Benefits of Jamun

Besides being a delightful culinary treat, Jamun is renowned for its health advantages. Let’s dig into the few:

Rich in Antioxidants

Jamun is a potent source of antioxidants, notably polyphenols and anthocyanins. These bioactive compounds are crucial in neutralising harmful free radicals within the body. Doing so protects cells from oxidative stress, reducing the risk of chronic issues and promoting overall well-being. Jamun is rich in vitamin C, a powerful antioxidant that contributes to various health benefits.

Boosts Immunity

Jamun is a nutritional powerhouse, rich in vitamin C and other immune-boosting nutrients. Vitamin C is known for its role in helping the immune system and body defend itself against infections and illnesses.

Blood sugar control and diabetes management

For a diabetic, keeping tabs on the blood sugar levels is a must. Here’s where according to some studies jamun juice may help:

Seeds inside the jamun have a component called jamboline. This possibly aids in slow conversion of starch into sugar, helping control blood sugar.
Jamun juice may help reduce chances of issues linked to diabetes like kidney disease and heart troubles.

Increase the Haemoglobin Count

Since Jamun has a considerable amount of vitamin C and Iron, it can increase the haemoglobin count. Also, the iron content can act as a blood purifier and might also prevent jaundice, anaemia etc.

Improves your Eye and Skin Health

As Jamun increases Haemoglobin in your body, it helps to enhance your eye and skin health. In addition, the fruit is also rich in vitamin C and A, which are good for the skin. Nevertheless, if you have oily skin, you can consume Jamun, which will help clear your skin naturally and reduce acne due to its astringent property.

Can Aid in Weight Loss

Jamun is a rich source of fibre and has significantly low calories, and one of the advantages of Jamun is that it is ideal for a weight loss diet. So, you can include it in your diet for better results, and it also reduces the water retention in your body.

Anti-inflammatory Properties

Jamun has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties attributed to its bioactive compounds. Inflammation is associated with many health issues, including chronic diseases. Jamun’s anti-inflammatory effects may contribute to reducing inflammation in the body, promoting better health.

Protect Against Infections

From ancient times, Jamun has been used as a remedy against germs and body infections. The antifungal and antibacterial properties of Jamun help fight fungus and bacteria, and also it might allow the healing of wounds faster. Apart from it, it can also reduce weakness and fatigue and keep you fresh and energetic.

Strengthens Gums and Teeth

One of the benefits of eating Jamun fruit is that it improves oral hygiene. The antibacterial properties can cure gum bleeding and keep tissues healthy. Furthermore, if used as a tooth powder, it can keep your teeth strong.

Supports healthy digestion

Maintaining a sound digestive system is so key to our overall health. Here’s how jamun juice might make it possible:

Ingredients called tannins and gallic acid in the juice lower diarrhea and similar digestive issues.
The juice’s astringent qualities may bring some relief to irritated intestines also.

How to Use Jamun

To make the most of Jamun’s goodness, integrate it into your daily diet in various ways:

Fresh Consumption: Enjoy Jamun as a refreshing snack by eating the ripe fruit directly.
Juices and Smoothies: Extract the juice and include it in homemade smoothies for a nutritious boost.
Jamun Tea: Create a healthy infusion by steeping dried Jamun leaves in hot water.
Jamun-infused Water: Add Jamun slices to water for a subtle fruity flavour and a nutrient kick.
Jams and Sauces: Prepare homemade jams, sauces, or chutneys using Jamun for a unique flavour twist.
Salads: Toss Jamun into salads to enhance taste and nutritional content.
Desserts: Incorporate Jamun into desserts like puddings, sorbets, or ice creams.
Dried Snacks: Sun-dry Jamun to create nutritious dried snacks for a quick energy boost.

Usage in Ayurveda and traditional medicine

Jamun juice holds a key place in olden medical systems like Ayurveda. Here’s how:

Used to solve tummy problems like runny belly or constipation.
Around the world, it is believed and used to keep the liver healthy.
Traditionally, across cultures, the juice is consumed to control diabetes and keep blood sugar in check.

Possible side effects and precautions

It is evident that there are multiple health benefits of eating Jamun. But, individuals must also learn that consumption of too many Jamuns can be bad for health However, if you are suffering from any disease or illness, it is advised to consult a medical expert to avoid any side effects of black plum.

Drinking a lot of jamun juice may make blood sugar drop suddenly, so you need to keep a limit.
If you’re pregnant or nursing, always ask your doctor before including jamun juice in your meals. Overconsumption of Jamun can lead to excess accumulation of sputum in the lungs.
It might not be suitable for people, those who are advised to reduce fibre intake.
Jamun should be avoided after undergoing surgery as it lowers the blood pressure level.
Excess consumption of Jamun might not be suitable for your throat and can lead to fever and body ache.

Conclusion

Jamun is a delightful fruit and a powerhouse of health benefits. From bolstering immunity to supporting heart health, its diverse advantages make it a valuable addition to your diet. However, it’s crucial to enjoy Jamun in moderation and be aware of potential side effects. Always consult with healthcare professionals for personalised advice, You can easily make jamun juice at home and rejoice its taste as well as reap its benefits.

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